Cellular Biology

Question 1

What are the 8 charactersitics of organisms

Answer 1

1. Organisms are made of cells
2. Organisms Require energy for movement and growth
3. Organisms carry out metabolic functions
4. Organisms maintain homeostasis
5. Organisms grow and develop
6. Organisms reproduce
7. Organisms respond to environmental stimuli or changes in their surroundings
8. Organisms are adapted to their environment

Question 2

3 points of cell theory

Answer 2

1. all organisms are made of cells
2. Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living things
3. Cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 3

Cell wall

Answer 3

Tough outermost layer
Not in animal or protozoan cells
Made of; cellulose-plants, peptidoglycan-bacteria, chitin-fungal

Question 4

Cell Membrane

Answer 4

Thin flexible layer that controls the flow of material in and out of the cell
Outermost layer in animal and protozoan cells

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

Includes all of the cell contents except for the nucleus

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Contains genetic material and directs cell activity
Surrounded by a nuclear envelope
Contains the nucleolus which is involved in making ribosomes

Question 7

Ribosomes (2 types)

Answer 7

Small protein making organelles
Free: make proteins for use within the cell
Attached: connected to the endoplasmic reticulum, secretes proteins for use outside of the cell

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (2 types)

Answer 8

System of canals that extends from the cell membrane to the nuclear envelope
Rough: has ribosomes attached, folds the protein into the correct shape and transports them to the correct location
Smooth: helps make and transport fat molecules

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Modifies and packages proteins and Fat molecules

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

Contain enzymes for breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules
Digest food molecules, kill microorganisms, recycle worn out cells

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Carry out aerobic cellular respiration in which food molecules are broken down for energy

Question 12

Chloroplasts

Answer 12

Found in plant and algae cells
Carry out photosynthesis
Contain thykaloids which contain chlorophyll

Question 13

Vacuoles

Answer 13

Very large in plant cells
- Store an aqueous mixture of water, minerals, dissolved sugars and proteins
Smaller in animal cells
- Either store food molecules or waste molecules

Question 14

Centrioles

Answer 14

Involved in cell division

Create spindle fibers which pull chromosomes to one side or the other

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Provides structure and shape to a cell