Cells & Tissues Lecture 4 Flashcards
Function of muscle tissue?
Use hydrolysis of ATP to generate force, contractions cause movement, heat and maintains posture
Three types of muscle tissue?
Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal
Myofibrils function?
Fill cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) of the muscle fibre and extend its entire length within the cell
Two types of microfilaments make up myofibrils?
Thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments, these do not extend the length of the cell, only the sarcomere
Sarcomere?
Functional unit of the myofibril
Order of differentiation of muscles and their fibres?
Epimysium (surrounds anatomical muscle, outer layer), Perimysium (fascicles), endomysium (surrounds muscle fibres)
Intercalated discs are made up of two cell junctions?
Gap junctions and desmosomes
Roles of the gap junctions and desmosomes?
Gap junctions (co-ordinated, rapid conduction), desmosomes (adhesion in contraction)
Two subdivisions of the nervous system?
CNS (brain and spinal cord), PNS (nervous tissue outside CNS)
Nervous system helps to?
Maintain homeostasis, initiates voluntary movements, responsible for perception, behaviour and memory
Three functions of the nervous system?
Sensory: detection of internal and external stimuli and transfer to CNS
Integrative: analysis and storing of information
Motor: stimulation of effectors (muscle and glands) through PNS
Nervous tissue is made up of two cells?
Neurons, neuroglia
Neuroglia?
Found in CNS and PNS, smaller than neurons, half the volume of CNS (glue), do not propagate impulses but communicate
Neuroglia functions?
Physical structure of nervous tissue, repair framework of nervous tissue, undertake phagocytosis, nutrient supply to neurons, regulate interstitial fluid in neural tissue
CNS neuroglia?
Astrocyctes, oligodendrocyctes, microglia, ependymal cells
PNS neuroglia?
Schwann cells, satellite cells
