Cells & Tissues Lecture 1

Question 1

First structure level of an individual?

Answer 1

Chemical - building blocks of the body, atoms, molecules

Question 2

Second structure level of an individual?

Answer 2

Cellular - basic structural and functional units of the human body, cardiac muscle cells

Question 3

Third structure level of an individual?

Answer 3

Tissue - groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function, cardiac muscle

Question 4

Fourth structure level of an individual?

Answer 4

Organ - structures with specific functions composed of two or more tissues, heart

Question 5

Fifth structure level of an individual?

Answer 5

System - related organs that perform a common function, circulatory system

Question 6

Sixth and final level of an individual?

Answer 6

Organismal - all parts function together to produce a living organism, human

Question 7

Integumentary system?

Answer 7

Function = protective/vit D production
Components = cutaneous membrane (epidermis), hair, nails, hypodermis, sweat glands, sensory receptors

Question 8

Muscular system?

Answer 8

Function = skeletal movement, supports/protects skeleton, shivering (homeostasis)
Components = skeletal (axial/appendicular), tendons and aponeuroses (muscle-muscle)

Question 9

Skeletal system?

Answer 9

Function = support/protection, bone marrow blood cell production
Components = bones, cartilage, bone marrow, axial and appendicular

Question 10

Nervous system?

Answer 10

Function = CNS, brain (involuntary and voluntary decisions), spinal cord (relays info to brain), special senses (sensory input eg smell, touch), PNS (links CNS to body parts/organs)
Components = brain, spinal cord, special senses, CNS, PNS

Question 11

Cardiovascular system?

Answer 11

Function = transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, regulation of water content and temp.
Components = BV (A,V,C), heart, blood

Question 12

Respiratory system?

Answer 12

Function = transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air
Components = pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 13

Urinary system?

Answer 13

Function = urine production, regulation of blood volume, removes waste, produces blood cells
Components = kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 14

Reproductive system?

Answer 14

Function = production of sperm/oocytes (gametes), hormones regulate stuff
Components = testes, external genitalia, uterus, ovaries tubes and ducts, mammary glands

Question 15

Digestive system?

Answer 15

Function = digestion of food, absorption of nutrients and removes waste
Components = pancreas, pharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder

Question 16

Endocrine system?

Answer 16

Function  = releases hormones to regulate body activities
Components = pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, kidneys, gonads

Question 17

Lymphatic system?

Answer 17

Function = transport of lipids (fats) proteins and lymphoid cells
Components = lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes (tonsils), spleen, thymus

Question 18

Epithelial tissue?

Answer 18

Function = protection, filtration, secretion, absorption, excretion
Components = covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, tubes, cavities and ducts, forms glands

Question 19

Connective tissue?

Answer 19

Function = protects and supports body and organs, binds organs together and stores energy as fat, provides major transport system of the body
Components = cells in a matrix of fibres and ground substance (blood and bone inclusive)

Question 20

Muscle tissue?

Answer 20

Function = generates force required for bodily parts to move/skeletal movement
Components = contractile cells (muscle fibres)

Question 21

Nervous tissue?

Answer 21

Function = detects change inside and outside body, responds by firing nerve impulses
Components = conducting nerve cells and neuroglia