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Bio ap > cells test > Flashcards

cells test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

plasma membrane

A

outer part of cell, double layered, phospholipids, regulates substances in and out of cell

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

control center, DNA, Chromosomes, nucleolus

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3
Q

Ribosomes

A

protein synthesis, round composed of RNA & proteins, free or attached to ER

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4
Q

ER

A

connects nucleus to cytoplasm

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5
Q

rough ER

A

contains ribosomes, proteins moved into plasma membrane

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6
Q

smooth ER

A

no ribosomes, makes lipids, hormones, & steroids, breaks down chemicals

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7
Q

Golgi appartatus

A

manufactures, packages, sorts, and ships cell secretions, package in vacuoles, produce lysosomes

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse, convert energy from organic molecules into energy for cell (ATP), cell respiration

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9
Q

Lysosomes

A

carry digestive & hydrolytic enzymes, breakdown organelles, cleanup

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10
Q

Centrioles

A

found in MTOC’s, cellular division, produce microtubules in animal cells

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11
Q

Vacuoles

A

fluid filled sacs store water, food, wastes, etc

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12
Q

Peroxisomes

A

detoxify substances, produce H2O2, breakdown into H2O2, built from proteins and lipids in cytosol

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13
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

holds cell together w microtubules & microfilaments, 9 sets

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14
Q

Microtubules

A

protein tubulin-cell division, cilia, flagella, centrioles

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15
Q

Cilia & Flagella

A

threadlike locomotive in singe celled organisms, 9+2 arrangement

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16
Q

Chloroplasts

A

site of photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll, double membrane, plant cells

17
Q

Thylakoid membrane

A

flattened membranous sacs that are used in light reactions of photo syn.

18
Q

Grana

A

stack of thylakoids in chloroplasts

19
Q

Stroma

A

area outside thylakoids

20
Q

Plastids

A

plant membrane bound oraganelles

21
Q

Amyloplasts

A

starch storers

22
Q

Chromoplasts

A

contain pigments other than chlorophyll

23
Q

Microfilaments

A

thinnest, actin, myosin, muscle contraction

24
Q

Light microscope

A

focus light into eye, min resolution-bacteria, living cells

25
Q

Electron microscope

A

better resolution, focus beam of electrons, observe organelles in dead cells

26
Q

TEM

A

stained with heavy metals for contrast, can see organelles of cells

27
Q

SEM

A

useful for surface structures, image is 3D

28
Q

Cell fractionation

A

uses machine to separate organelles for study

29
Q

Prokaryotes

A

no nuclear membrane, no membrane bound organelles, DNA in nucleoid reigion

30
Q

Eukaryotes

A

DNA surrounded by nuclear envelope, membrane bound organelles

31
Q

Tubulin Microtubules

A

thickest, make tracks for proteins to move

32
Q

Actin Microtubules

A

thinnest, double twisted chain support network, muscle contraction

33
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Middle size, permanent framework hold cell organelles in place

Bio ap (7 decks)

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