CELLS QUIZ

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

living things are made of cells
unit of structure and function
smallest unit of life.
Pre- Existing cells have come from other cells.

Question 2

Evidence for Cell theory

Answer 2

a. All living things are made of cells:

When living things are observed under the microscope they consistently appear to be composed of cells.
Muscle cells: challenges the idea that a cell has one nucleus
Fungal Cells: challenges the idea that a cell is a single unit.
Protoctista: Challenges the idea that a cell is specialised to a single function. Yet, the protoctista can carry out all functions of life.
Cells are the smallest unit of life.

The cell is the smallest unit of organisation that can show all the characteristics of living processes.
Cells come only from other cells.
Cells carry out a form of cell division to form new cells. This process of cell replication in eukaryotes is called mitosis and in prokaryotes is called binary fission.

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

which includes respiration the synthesis of ATP.

Question 4

response

Answer 4

to a change in the environment

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

the maintenance and regulation of internal cell conditions.

Question 6

growth

Answer 6

which for a unicellular organism means an increase in cell size and volume

Question 7

reproduction

Answer 7

which for the unicellular organism is largely asexual through cell division to form a clone.

Question 8

nutrition

Answer 8

which means either the synthesis of organic molecules or the absorption of organic matter.

Question 9

molecules

Answer 9

1nm

Question 10

viruses

Answer 10

10nm

Question 11

bacteria

Answer 11

1 micro meter

Question 12

organelles

Answer 12

up to 10 micro meters

Question 13

most cells

Answer 13

up to 100 micro meters

Question 14

SA to Volume

Answer 14

As the organism gets bigger its surface area : volume ratio decreases

Question 15

Stem Cells

Answer 15

A stem cell is able to divide but has not yet expressed genes to specialise to a particular function. Under the right conditions stem cells can be induced to express particular genes and differentiate into a particular type of cell.

Question 16

Therapeutic stem cells

Answer 16

Therapeutic Cloning: This is a method of obtaining ES cells from someone who has already been born. These stem cells can be used to treat the individual without generating an immune response. The human body recognizes and attacks foreign cells, including stem cells. This is a serious barrier to stem cell therapy.

Question 17

Pro Cell Wall:

Answer 17

maintaining/determining cell shape`

Question 18

pro Plasma membrane:

Answer 18

Controls the entry and exit of substances, pumping some of them in by active transport.

Question 19

pro Cytoplasm

Answer 19

Contains all the enzymes needed for all metabolic reactions, since there are no organelles.

Question 20

PRO Ribosome

Answer 20

The smaller (70 S) type are all free in the cytoplasm, not attached to membranes (like RER). They are used in protein synthesis which is part of gene expression.

Question 21

pro Nucleoid

Answer 21

Is the region of the cytoplasm that contains DNA. It is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. DNA is always a closed loop (i.e. a circular), and not associated with any proteins to form chromatin.

Question 22

pro Flagella:

Answer 22

These long thread like attachments are generally considered to be for movement. They have an internal protein structure that allows the flagella to be actively moved as a form of propulsion. The presence of flagella tends to be associated with the pathogenicity of the bacterium. The flagella is about 20nm in diameter. This structure should not be confused with the eUkaryotic flagella seen in protoctista.

Question 23

pro Pilli:

Answer 23

These thread like projections are usually more numerous than the flagella. They are associated with different types of attachment. In some cases they are involved in the transfer of DNA in a process called conjugation or alternatively as a means of preventing phagocytosis.

Question 24

free ribosomes

Answer 24

the free ribosome produces proteins for internal use within the cell.

Question 25

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

rER form a network of tubules with a maze like structure.

In general these run away from the nucleus

The ‘rough’ on the reticulum is caused by the presence of ribosomes.

Proteins made here are secreted out of the cel

Question 26

Lysozyme

Answer 26

Functions include the digestion of old organelles, engulfed bacteria and viruses.

Question 27

golgi aparatus

Answer 27

Process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids
Processing of proteins for secretion
Transporting lipids around the cell
Creating lysosomes

Question 28

mitochondria

Answer 28

Oxygen is consumed in the synthesis of ATP on the inner membrane

Question 29

nucleus

Answer 29

controls the cells functions through the expression of genes

Question 30

Prokaryote VS. Eukaryote

Answer 30

pro: no nucleus naked loop
euk: nucleus w/ DNA
pro:DNA in cytoplasm
Euk: DNA in a nuclear envelope
pro:no mitochondria
euk: mitochondria
pro:small ribosomes
euk : large ribosomes

Question 31

Animals VS. Plants

Answer 31

Plants have chloroplast anmials dont
plant cells are usaully boxed while animals round
animals store glycogen plants starch

Question 32

extracurricular component

Answer 32

Plant Cell Wall maintains cell shape, prevents excessive water intake, holds plant up against force of gravity

Question 33

extracurricular component 2

Answer 33

animal cells secrete glycoprotiens that form the exracurricular matrix, helps with support, adhesion , and movement