5.5

Question 1

binomial system of nomenclature

Answer 1

Genus is written first and is capitalised (e.g. Homo)
Species follows and is written in lower case (e.g. Homo sapiens)
Some species may also have a sub-species designation (e.g. Homo sapiens sapiens)
Conventions: When typing, the name should be in italics; whereas when hand writing, it should be underlined

Question 2

List the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa - kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species - using an example from two different kingdoms for each level

Answer 2

Kingdom -King 
Phylum -Phillip 
Class -comes
Order -over
Family -for 
Genus -great
Species- sex

Question 3

List the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa humans

Answer 3

HUMANS
K-animalia
P-chordata
C-Mammalia
O-Primates
F-Hominidae
G-Homo
S-Sapiens
Ants carrying mice probable have hard sex

Question 4

List the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa - butter cup

Answer 4

Butter cup
K-Plantae
P-Angiospermophtya
C-Dicotyledoneae
O-Ranales
F-Ranunculacae
G-Ranunculus
S-acris
PADRRRA

Question 5

Brypphyta

Answer 5

no true leaves/roots, spores produced in capsule at end of stalk, anchored by rhizoid, mosses

Question 6

filicinophyta

Answer 6

leaves/roots/non-woody stems, spores in spoarngia under leaf, large leaves divided into leaflets FERNS

Question 7

Coniferophyta

Answer 7

leaves/roots/woody stems, seeds in cones, leaves narrow w/ thick waxy cuticle, CONIFERS

Question 8

angiospermophtya

Answer 8

leaves, roots, stems, seeds in fruit, flowers, flowering plants/grasses)

Question 9

proifera

Answer 9

asymmetrical/no mouth/butt, pores though body, sponges

Question 10

cnidaria

Answer 10

radial, mouth no butt,tentacles,jelly fish)

Question 11

platyhelminthes

Answer 11

bilateral, mouth no butt, flat soft body,flatworms

Question 12

annelida

Answer 12

bilateral, mouth + butt, segmented body,earth worms

Question 13

molluska

Answer 13

bilateral, mouth + butt, muscular foot/mantle, shell,snails

Question 14

arthropda

Answer 14

bilateral, mouth + butt, joint appendages, exoskeleton,bugs

Question 15

Detritivore

Answer 15

An organism that ingests non-living organic matter

Question 16

Saprotroph

Answer 16

An organism that lives on or in non-living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion

Question 17

food-chains

Answer 17

buffalo grass-2 striped grasshopper-greater stick nest rat-black rat snake

green algae-tiger musquito-flame skimmer dragonfly-long legged horn frog
phytoplankton-zooplankton-sardine fish-tuna fish

Question 18

5.1.6 Define trophic level

Answer 18

tl1=producer
tl2=primary consumer
tl3=secondary consumer
tl4=tertiary consumer

Question 19

Population Size

Answer 19

=( N + I ) - ( M + E )

natality, immigration, mortality and emigration

Question 20

Exponential Growth Phase

Answer 20

There is a rapid increase in population size / growth as the natality rate exceeds the mortality rate
This is because there is abundant resources (e.g. food, shelter and water) and limited environmental resistance (disease and predation uncommon)

Question 21

Transitional Phase

Answer 21

As the population continues to grow, eventually competition increases as availability of resources are reduced
Natality starts to fall and mortality starts to rise, leading to a slower rate of population increase

Question 22

Plateau Phase

Answer 22

Eventually the increasing mortality rate equals the natality rate and population size becomes constant
The population has reached the carrying capacity (K) of the environment
Limited resources, predation and disease all contribute to keeping the population size balanced
While the population size at this point may not be static, it will oscillate around the carrying capacity to remain relatively even (no net growth

Question 23

D.2.6 Compare allopatric and sympatric speciation

Answer 23

Similarities:

Both involve the formation of a new species via isolation of the genetic pool from an existing species
Both occur when natural selection creates genetic divergence between the new and ancestral populations

Differences:
allopatric-physical seperation, dif geograph areas.
sympatriic-reproductive/behavioural seperation. same geography

Question 24

D.2.5 Explain how polyploidy can contribute to speciation

Answer 24

Polyploidy is a condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes in all somatic cells (i.e. > diploid)

It is far more common in plant species as they lack separate sexes and are capable of asexual reproduction (self-pollination)

It may occur as a result of the failure of a meiotic cell to undergo cytokinesis (so chromosome replication occurs minus cell division)

Consequently gametes are diploid (2n) and resulting offspring are tetraploid (4n)

Because tetraploid offspring can no longer mate with diploid organisms (triploid offspring tend to be infertile), speciation has occurred

Question 25

temporal isol

Answer 25

difernt times of year

Question 26

ecological isol

Answer 26

same region, dif habitat

Question 27

behavioural isol-

Answer 27

dif mating rituals

Question 28

mechanical isol

Answer 28

genitals dont fit

Question 29

hybrid inviability-

Answer 29

produced but dont mature

Question 30

hybrid infertility

Answer 30

mules

Question 31

hybrid breakdown

Answer 31

hybrid fertile, but son isnt