Cells of the nervous system Flashcards
What is cell membrane?
Semipermeable membrane that encloses the neuron.
What are the dendrites?
Shrot processes emanating from the cell body which receive most of the synaptic contacts from other neurons.
What is axon hillock?
The cone-shaped fegion at the junction between the axon and the cell body?
What is axon?
Long, narrow process, that projects from the cell body?
What is cell body?
The metabolic center of the neuron, also called soma.
What is myelin?
The fatty insulation around many axons.
What are the nodes of Ranvier?
The gaps between sections of myelin?
What are the terminal buttons?
The buttonlike endings of the axon branches, which release chemicals into synapses.
What are the synapses?
The gaps between adfacent neurons across which chemical signals are transmitted.
What are the types of neurons based on morphology?
Unipolar, Bipolar, Multiopolar and Anaxonci (multipolar interneuron)
How are the cell bodies called in the CNS?
Nuclei.
How are the cell bodies called in the PNS?
Ganglia.
How are axons called in CNS?
Tracts.
How are axons called in PNS?
Nerves.
What are the types of glial cells?
Oligodendrocytes, Schwan cells, Microglia, Astrocytes.
What are the oligodendrocytes?
Myealin sheaths in the CNS.
What are the schwan cells?
Myealin sheaths in the PNS.
What is microglia?
Cells responsible for sending signals for inflammatory response in the NS?
What are the astrocytes?
Cells stuck to the blood vessels responsible for O2, nutrient supply. They have receptors that detect which particles are safe for crossing the blood-brain barrier.
What is the Acetilholinergic system responsible for?
Alertness, vigilance, memory
What is the Dopaminergic system responsible for?
Motor control, reward behaviour, executive functions, role in emotions.
What is the Noradrenergic system responsible for?
Arousal, vigilance, sleep.
What is the serotonergic system responsible for?
Mood, appetite, sexual behaviour, role in learning and memory.
