CELLS GLOSSARY

Question 1

Active site

Answer 1

A specific shaped part of an enzyme where the substrate fits.

Question 2

Active Transport

Answer 2

The movement of molecules from an area of low conc. to an area of high conc. which requires energy.

Question 3

Aerobic respiration

Answer 3

Respiration in the presence of oxygen.

Question 4

Anabolic enzyme

Answer 4

An enzyme that takes small molecules and joins them together.

Question 5

Catabolic enzyme

Answer 5

An enzyme which takes large molecules and breaks them up.

Question 6

Cell wall

Answer 6

Rigid layer of cells found only in plants.

Question 7

Chlorophyll

Answer 7

Pigment found in plants which gives the plant its green colour.

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

Site of photosynthesis.

Question 9

Cristae

Answer 9

The folds of the mitochondria where the electron transfer chain occurs.

Question 10

Denature

Answer 10

The changing in the shape of the active site of an enzyme so the substrate can no longer fit - caused by high temp and incorrect pH. Weak hydrogen bonds breaking easily.
(Deprived of its natural properties)

Question 11

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 13

DNA replication

Answer 13

The copying of DNA before the cell divides.

Question 14

Enzymes

Answer 14

Proteins that are biochemical catalysts which speed up biochemical reactions in an organism.

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

A form of passive transport where molecules move across the cell membrane through the membrane proteins (channels).

Question 16

Flaccid

Answer 16

A cell that is limp and floppy.

Question 17

G1 of cell cycle

Answer 17

The stage in the cell cycle where the cell grows and does its job.

Question 18

G2 of cell cycle

Answer 18

The stage in the cell cycle where the replicated chromosomes are checked for mistakes.

Question 19

Golgi body

Answer 19

Proteins are modified and packaged

Question 20

Grana

Answer 20

Stacks of thylakoids within the chloroplast, where the light dependent stage occurs

Question 21

Hypertonic solution

Answer 21

A solution with a high conc. of solute, therefore a low conc. of water

Question 22

Hypotonic solution

Answer 22

A solution with a low concentration of solute, therefore a high concentration of water

Question 23

Induced fit model

Answer 23

The enzyme model where the enzyme changes its shape after bonding with the substrate

Question 24

Inhibitors

Answer 24

Poisons that bind to the active site of enzymes, preventing them from catalysing reactions

Question 25

Isotonic solution

Answer 25

A solution which has the same osmolarity or solute concentration as another solution

Question 26

Lock and key model

Answer 26

The model that explains how enzymes work and where the enzyme is a rigid structure

Question 27

Matrix

Answer 27

Fluid-filled space of enzymes in the mitochondria where the krebs cycle occurs

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

Organelle in cell where respiration occurs

Question 29

Mitosis

Answer 29

The stage of the cell cycle where the replicated chromosome is split into two cells

Question 30

Osmosis

Answer 30

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 31

Palisade layer

Answer 31

Part of the leaf where most chloroplasts are found, so most photosynthesis occurs here

Question 32

Passive transport

Answer 32

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration which doesn’t require energy

Question 33

Phagocytosis

Answer 33

A form of active transport by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large solid particle

Question 34

Pinocytosis

Answer 34

A form of active transport where fluids and nutrients are ingested by cells

Question 35

Ribosomes

Answer 35

Part of cell where protein synthesis occurs

Question 36

S stage of cell cycle

Answer 36

The stage in the cell where the DNA is replicated

Question 37

Semi-conservative replication

Answer 37

Where one half of the new DNA molecule is an intact strand from the parent DNA

Question 38

Semi permeable membrane

Answer 38

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through it but not others

Question 39

Stroma

Answer 39

Part of the chloroplast where the light-idependent stage occurs

Question 40

Turgid

Answer 40

A cell that is swollen, bloated, puffed up or inflated

Question 41

Proteins

Answer 41

Large, complex molecules made up of amino acids, and carry out functions in the body

Question 42

Polypeptide chain

Answer 42

A chain of specific amino acids, folded into a specific shape, to form a particular protein

Question 43

Independent variable

Answer 43

The variable we change, always goes on the x-axis (horizontal)

Question 44

Dependent variable

Answer 44

The variable we measure/count, always goes on the y-axis (vertical)

Question 45

Temperature affecting rate of reaction

Answer 45

The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy particles have. Particles that move quicker with more energy increase the chance of successful collisions.

Question 46

Concentration affecting rate of reaction

Answer 46

Increasing the concentration of reactants means there are more particles present for more sufficient and successful collision:

Question 47

Surface area affecting rate of reaction

Answer 47

Increasing the surface area of a reactant means there are more particles exposed for collisions with the other reactant particles. This increases the chance of more sufficient and successful collisions

Question 48

Catalysts

Answer 48

Speed up the rate of reaction, but are not used up in the reaction.