CELL STRUCTURE

Question 1

Mitochondria - Basic Function

Answer 1

Site of cellular respiration

Question 2

Nucleus - Basic Function

Answer 2

Controls cell activity. Contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell

Question 3

Ribosome - Basic Function

Answer 3

Site of production and translation in protein synthesis

Question 4

Cytoplasm - Basic Function

Answer 4

Gives the cell shape. Site of many biochemical reactions.

Question 5

Vacuole - Basic Function

Answer 5

Stores a variety of compounds.

Question 6

Nucleolus - Basic Function

Answer 6

Produces ribosomal RNA and transcribes it.

Question 7

Golgi Body - Basic Function

Answer 7

Modifies, sorts and packages proteins.

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Basic Function

Answer 8

Transport network within the cell. Can be smooth (no ribosomes) or rough (with ribosomes)

Question 9

Plasma Membrane - Basic Function

Answer 9

Controls entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 10

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Basic Function

Answer 10

Involved in producing lipids (fats) and steroids (hormones) and stored calcium ions.

Question 11

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - Basic Function + more

Answer 11

Involved in protein production/synthesis.
Common in secretory cells where digestive enzymes are produced. Abundant in white blood cells where ribosomes produce antibodies.

Question 12

Why do cells have organelles?

Answer 12

To compartmentalise special functions within the cell, so these cellular reactions can occur in optimum conditions simultaneously.

Question 13

Cell wall - Basic Function

Answer 13

A semi-rigid layer surrounding plant cells for support and structure.

Question 14

Plasma Membrane structure

Answer 14

Phospholipid Bilayer:
Heads (hydrophilic) Tails (hydrophobic)
Surrounding outside of the cell are the heads and attached to them in the inside of the cell are the tails.

Question 15

Plasma Membrane - Description

Answer 15

Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Selectively permeable, allowing only small molecules (O2 & CO2) to pass through the membrane.

Question 16

Protein Channel

Answer 16

Transport proteins embedded in the plasma membrane contain protein channels that allow for larger molecules to pass through the membrane e.g. glucose.

Question 17

Why cells need proteins

Answer 17

Responsible for most of the work in the cells and have many roles such as in structure, functions, and regulations. (Producing the cell membrane and enzymes)

Question 18

Where are ribosomes found within a cell?

Answer 18

Free in the cytoplasm or attached to Endoplasmic reticulum. (RER)

Question 19

Transcription of ribosomes

Answer 19

Process where ribosomes receive information from DNA in the nucleus and translate this and use amino acids (building blocks of proteins) from the cytoplasm to construct proteins.

Question 20

Protein synthesis: where do the instructions for forming a specific protein come from?

Answer 20

Nucleus (genes, which carry DNA of the cell)

Question 21

Protein synthesis: where do amino acids (building blocks) come from?

Answer 21

Free in the cytoplasm