Cells & Control Qs Flashcards
What is the cell cycle?
A series of events that takes place in a cell involving cell growth, DNA replication and cell division
State the three stages of the cell cycle
Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
What is the interphase?
Cell growth/ synthesis of new organelles/DNA replication
What does DNA replication involve?
Double helix unzips exposing 2 strands; DNA bases align next to complementary bases on the DNA strands; complementary base pairs join; two identical DNA molecules formed
What happens to chromosomes during DNA replication?
The DNA in the arm of each chromatid is replicated
What is mitosis?
Cell division forming 2 diploid daughter cells which are genetically identical
Why is mitosis important in organisms?
Asexual reproduction/growth/repair of damaged cells/cell replacement
State the 4 stages of mitosis
Prophase/Metapase/Anaphase/Telophase
Outline prophase
DNA condenses; chromosomes become visible; nuclear membrane disappears
Outline metaphase
Chromosomes line up the middle of the cell
Outline anaphase
Spindle fibres attach to each chromosomes; arms of each chromosome are pulled to opposite poles; chromatids seperated
Outline telophase
Nucleus of cell divides; new membrane forms around each set of chomosomes
What does cytokiesis involve?
Division of the cell membrane and cytoplasm; two genetically identical daughter cells produced
What is cancer?
Non-communicable disease; uncontrollable cell division
What are percentile charts?
A chart used to monitor growth; to compare measurements to teh expected value at a certain age
