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ANAPHY BSC3 > CELLS CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CELLS CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

1
Q

• Consists of a double membrane that bounds the nucleus

Contains nuclear pores

A

Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)

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2
Q

that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

A

nuclear pores

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3
Q

The Nuclear membrane Encloses the jellylike fluid called

A

nucleoplasm

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4
Q

-Nucleus contains one or more dark-staining nucleoli
- Sites of ribosome assembly
-Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores to serve as the site or protein synthesis

A

Nucleolus

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5
Q

Composed of DNA wound around histones (proteins)

A

Chromatin

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6
Q

Scattered throughout the nucleus and present when the cells is not dividing

A

Chromatin

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7
Q

Condenses to form dense, rodlike bodies called CHROMOSOMES when the cell divides

A

Chromatin

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8
Q

Transparent barriers for cell contents

A

Plasma membrane

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9
Q

Seperates cell contents from its surrounding environment

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

Fluid mosaic model is constructed of:

A

1) 2 Layers of phospholipids
2) cholesterol and proteins
3) Sugar (glycolipids)

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11
Q

Phospholipids are what kind of molecule

A

Polar molecules

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12
Q

Basic or structural units of life

A

Cells

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13
Q

4 elements of Cells

A

1) Carbon
2) Hydrogen
3) Oxygen
4) Nitrogen

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14
Q

Cells are about _____% water

A

60%

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15
Q

Elles are about _____% water

A

60%

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16
Q

3 CELLS REGION

A

1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Plasma membrane

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17
Q

Control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

Nucleus contains genetic material called

A

DNA

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19
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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20
Q

DNA is needed and necessary for

A

1) building proteins
2) for cell production

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21
Q

This is where the phospholipid arrangement

A

Plasma membrane

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22
Q

Oriented on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane

A

Hydrophilic

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23
Q

Form the center (interior ) of the membrane

A

Hydrophobic

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24
Q

Hydrophilic “___________” polar “______”

A

Water loving

Heads

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25
Q

Hydrophobic“___________” polar “______”

A

Water fearing

Tail

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26
Q

This interior makes the plasma membrane relatively impermeable to most water-soluble molecules

A

Hydrophobic

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27
Q

-responsible for specialized membrane functions
Enzymes
Receptors for hormones
Transport as channels or carriers

A

Plasma membrane

(role of proteins )

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28
Q

Plasma membrane

(role of sugars )

1) are branched sugars attached to proteins that about the extra cellular space

2) is the fuzzy, sticky, sugar-rich area on the cells surface

A

1) Glycoproteins

2) Glycocalyx

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29
Q

Main types of cell junctions

(3)

A

1) Tight junctions
2) Desmosomes
3) Gap Junctions (communicating junction)

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30
Q

Impermeable junctions

A

Tight junctions

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31
Q

Bind cells into leakproof sheets

A

Tight junctions

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32
Q

Plasma membranes fuse like a zipper to prevent substances from passing through extra cellular space between cells

A

Tight junctions

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33
Q

Anchoring junctions

A

Desmosomes

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34
Q

Like rivets, prevents cells being pulled apart as a result of mechanical stress

A

Desmosomes ( anchoring junctions)

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35
Q

Created by buttonlike thickenings of adjacent plasma membranes

A

Desmosomes

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36
Q

Allow communication between cells

A

Gap Junctions (communicating junction)

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37
Q

Connexons span the width of the abutting membranes

A

Gap Junctions (communicating junction)

38
Q

Hollow cylinders of proteins

A

Connexons

39
Q

molecules can travel directly from one cell to the next through these channels

A

Gap junctions

40
Q

-Cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membranes

A

Cytoplasm

41
Q

Site of most cellular activities

A

Cytoplasm

42
Q

3 majors of Cytoplasm

A

1) Cytosol
2) Inclusions
3) Organelles

43
Q

Fluid that suspends other elements and contains nutrients and electrolytes

A

Cytosol

44
Q

Metabolic machinery of the cell that perform functions for the cell

A

Organelles

45
Q

Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products that float in cytosol

A

Inclusions

46
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

47
Q

Consists of a double membrane with cristae on the inner membrane

A

Mitochondrial wall

48
Q

Carry out reactions in which oxygen is used to break down food into ATP molecules

A

Mitochondria

49
Q

Made of protein and ribosomal RNA

A

Ribosomes

50
Q

Sites of Protein synthesis in the cell

A

Ribosomes

51
Q

Ribisomes are found in two locations

A

1) Free in cytoplasm
2) as a part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

52
Q

-Fluid-filled tunnel/ canals that carry substances within the cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

53
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the _______

A

Nuclear membrane

54
Q

2 types of Endoplasmic reticulum

A

1) Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
2) Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

55
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

1) that studded with the ribosomes

2) lacks of ribosomes

A

1) Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
2) Smooth ER

56
Q

Synthesizes proteins

A

Rough ER

57
Q

Transport vesicles move protein within the cell
Abundant in cells that make and export proteins

A

Rough ER

58
Q

ER that functions in lipid metabolism

A

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

59
Q

This ER also detoxify drugs and pesticides

A

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

60
Q

Appears as a stack of flattened membranes associated with tiny vesicles

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

(The cytoplasm)

61
Q

Modifies and packages proteins arriving from the rough ER via transport vesicles

A

Golfi apparatus

62
Q

Golgi apparatus produces diff types of packages
(3)

A

Pathway #:

1) Secretory vesicles
2) In-house proteins and lipids
3) Lysosomes

63
Q

Membranous “bags” that contain digestive enzymes (it can digest worn-out or nonusable cell structures)

A

Lysosomes

64
Q

Membranous sacs of OXIDASE ENZYMES

A

Peroxisomes

65
Q

Houses the phagocytes that dispose of bacteria and cell debris

A

Lysosomes

66
Q

Replicate by pinching in half or budding from the ER

A

Peroxisomes

67
Q

Are highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons that can damage the structure of proteins and nucleic acid

A

Free Radicals

68
Q

-Detoxify the harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde

A

Peroxisomes

69
Q

Break down free radicals and are converted to HYDROGEN PEROXIDE and then to WATER

A

Peroxisomes

70
Q

Rod-shaped bodies made of nine triplets of microtubules

A

Centrioles

(The cytoplasm)

71
Q

Generate microtubules

A

Centrioles

72
Q

Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell divisions

A

Centrioles

73
Q

Surface extensions found in some cells

A

Cell extension

74
Q

Move materials across the cell surface and located in the respiratory system to move mucus

A

Cilia

75
Q

Propel the cell and the only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm

A

Flagella

76
Q

1) Are tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasm membrane and

2) Increase surface of absorption

A

1-2) Microvilli

77
Q

The human body houses over ______ different cell types

A

200

78
Q

Cells vary in

A

size, shape, and function

79
Q

Cell vary in length from _______of an inch to over ______(nerve cells)

A

1/ 12, 000 to 1 yard

80
Q

Cell shapes reflects its

A

specialized functions

81
Q

Secretes cable like fibers

A

Fibroblasts

82
Q

(Cells that connect body parts)

Carries oxygen in the bloodstream

A

Erythrocytes

83
Q

(Cells that cover and line body organs)

-Packs together in sheets
-Intermediate fibers resist tearing during rubbing or pulling

A

Epithelial cell

84
Q

(Cells that move organs and body parts )

Contractile filaments allow cells to shorten forcefully

A

Skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells

85
Q

Cells that stores nutrients

A

Fat cells

86
Q

Lipid droplets stored in cytoplasm

A

Fat cells

87
Q

Cells that fights disease which digest infectious microorganisms

A

White blood cells

such as:
Macrophage
Phagocytic cell

88
Q

Cells that fights disease which digest infectious microorganisms

A

White blood cells

such as:
Macrophage
Phagocytic cell

89
Q

Cells that gathers information and controls body functions

where in it receives and transmit messages to other body structures

A

Nerve cells (neuron)

90
Q

Cell of reproduction

A

Oocyte (female)
Sperm (male)

91
Q

Cells have the ability to

A

-metabolize
-digest food
Dispose of waste
Reproduce
Grow
Move
Respond to a stimuli

ANAPHY BSC3 (4 decks)

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