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ANAPHY BSC3 > CELLS CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CELLS CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

1
Q

• Consists of a double membrane that bounds the nucleus

Contains nuclear pores

A

Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)

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2
Q

that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

A

nuclear pores

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3
Q

The Nuclear membrane Encloses the jellylike fluid called

A

nucleoplasm

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4
Q

-Nucleus contains one or more dark-staining nucleoli
- Sites of ribosome assembly
-Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores to serve as the site or protein synthesis

A

Nucleolus

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5
Q

Composed of DNA wound around histones (proteins)

A

Chromatin

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6
Q

Scattered throughout the nucleus and present when the cells is not dividing

A

Chromatin

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7
Q

Condenses to form dense, rodlike bodies called CHROMOSOMES when the cell divides

A

Chromatin

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8
Q

Transparent barriers for cell contents

A

Plasma membrane

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9
Q

Seperates cell contents from its surrounding environment

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

Fluid mosaic model is constructed of:

A

1) 2 Layers of phospholipids
2) cholesterol and proteins
3) Sugar (glycolipids)

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11
Q

Phospholipids are what kind of molecule

A

Polar molecules

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12
Q

Basic or structural units of life

A

Cells

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13
Q

4 elements of Cells

A

1) Carbon
2) Hydrogen
3) Oxygen
4) Nitrogen

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14
Q

Cells are about _____% water

A

60%

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15
Q

Elles are about _____% water

A

60%

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16
Q

3 CELLS REGION

A

1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Plasma membrane

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17
Q

Control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

Nucleus contains genetic material called

A

DNA

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19
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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20
Q

DNA is needed and necessary for

A

1) building proteins
2) for cell production

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21
Q

This is where the phospholipid arrangement

A

Plasma membrane

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22
Q

Oriented on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane

A

Hydrophilic

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23
Q

Form the center (interior ) of the membrane

A

Hydrophobic

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24
Q

Hydrophilic “___________” polar “______”

A

Water loving

Heads

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25
Hydrophobic“___________” polar “______”
Water fearing Tail
26
This interior makes the plasma membrane relatively impermeable to most water-soluble molecules
Hydrophobic
27
-responsible for specialized membrane functions Enzymes Receptors for hormones Transport as channels or carriers
Plasma membrane (role of proteins )
28
Plasma membrane (role of sugars ) 1) are branched sugars attached to proteins that about the extra cellular space 2) is the fuzzy, sticky, sugar-rich area on the cells surface
1) Glycoproteins 2) Glycocalyx
29
Main types of cell junctions (3)
1) Tight junctions 2) Desmosomes 3) Gap Junctions (communicating junction)
30
Impermeable junctions
Tight junctions
31
Bind cells into leakproof sheets
Tight junctions
32
Plasma membranes fuse like a zipper to prevent substances from passing through extra cellular space between cells
Tight junctions
33
Anchoring junctions
Desmosomes
34
Like rivets, prevents cells being pulled apart as a result of mechanical stress
Desmosomes ( anchoring junctions)
35
Created by buttonlike thickenings of adjacent plasma membranes
Desmosomes
36
Allow communication between cells
Gap Junctions (communicating junction)
37
Connexons span the width of the abutting membranes
Gap Junctions (communicating junction)
38
Hollow cylinders of proteins
Connexons
39
molecules can travel directly from one cell to the next through these channels
Gap junctions
40
-Cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membranes
Cytoplasm
41
Site of most cellular activities
Cytoplasm
42
3 majors of Cytoplasm
1) Cytosol 2) Inclusions 3) Organelles
43
Fluid that suspends other elements and contains nutrients and electrolytes
Cytosol
44
Metabolic machinery of the cell that perform functions for the cell
Organelles
45
Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products that float in cytosol
Inclusions
46
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
47
Consists of a double membrane with cristae on the inner membrane
Mitochondrial wall
48
Carry out reactions in which oxygen is used to break down food into ATP molecules
Mitochondria
49
Made of protein and ribosomal RNA
Ribosomes
50
Sites of Protein synthesis in the cell
Ribosomes
51
Ribisomes are found in two locations
1) Free in cytoplasm 2) as a part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
52
-Fluid-filled tunnel/ canals that carry substances within the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
53
Endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the _______
Nuclear membrane
54
2 types of Endoplasmic reticulum
1) Rough Endoplasmic reticulum 2) Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
55
Endoplasmic reticulum 1) that studded with the ribosomes 2) lacks of ribosomes
1) Rough Endoplasmic reticulum 2) Smooth ER
56
Synthesizes proteins
Rough ER
57
Transport vesicles move protein within the cell Abundant in cells that make and export proteins
Rough ER
58
ER that functions in lipid metabolism
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
59
This ER also detoxify drugs and pesticides
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
60
Appears as a stack of flattened membranes associated with tiny vesicles
GOLGI APPARATUS (The cytoplasm)
61
Modifies and packages proteins arriving from the rough ER via transport vesicles
Golfi apparatus
62
Golgi apparatus produces diff types of packages (3)
Pathway #: 1) Secretory vesicles 2) In-house proteins and lipids 3) Lysosomes
63
Membranous “bags” that contain digestive enzymes (it can digest worn-out or nonusable cell structures)
Lysosomes
64
Membranous sacs of OXIDASE ENZYMES
Peroxisomes
65
Houses the phagocytes that dispose of bacteria and cell debris
Lysosomes
66
Replicate by pinching in half or budding from the ER
Peroxisomes
67
Are highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons that can damage the structure of proteins and nucleic acid
Free Radicals
68
-Detoxify the harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde
Peroxisomes
69
Break down free radicals and are converted to HYDROGEN PEROXIDE and then to WATER
Peroxisomes
70
Rod-shaped bodies made of nine triplets of microtubules
Centrioles (The cytoplasm)
71
Generate microtubules
Centrioles
72
Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell divisions
Centrioles
73
Surface extensions found in some cells
Cell extension
74
Move materials across the cell surface and located in the respiratory system to move mucus
Cilia
75
Propel the cell and the only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm
Flagella
76
1) Are tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasm membrane and 2) Increase surface of absorption
1-2) Microvilli
77
The human body houses over ______ different cell types
200
78
Cells vary in
size, shape, and function
79
Cell vary in length from _______of an inch to over ______(nerve cells)
1/ 12, 000 to 1 yard
80
Cell shapes reflects its
specialized functions
81
Secretes cable like fibers
Fibroblasts
82
(Cells that connect body parts) Carries oxygen in the bloodstream
Erythrocytes
83
(Cells that cover and line body organs) -Packs together in sheets -Intermediate fibers resist tearing during rubbing or pulling
Epithelial cell
84
(Cells that move organs and body parts ) Contractile filaments allow cells to shorten forcefully
Skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells
85
Cells that stores nutrients
Fat cells
86
Lipid droplets stored in cytoplasm
Fat cells
87
Cells that fights disease which digest infectious microorganisms
White blood cells such as: Macrophage Phagocytic cell
88
Cells that fights disease which digest infectious microorganisms
White blood cells such as: Macrophage Phagocytic cell
89
Cells that gathers information and controls body functions where in it receives and transmit messages to other body structures
Nerve cells (neuron)
90
Cell of reproduction
Oocyte (female) Sperm (male)
91
Cells have the ability to
-metabolize -digest food Dispose of waste Reproduce Grow Move Respond to a stimuli

ANAPHY BSC3 (4 decks)

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