Cells, Cell Division, and Cell Specialization Flashcards
what is the function of the Cytoplasm
Gel-like material inside cells, contains the other organelles
what is the function of the Nucleus
Contains DNA and controls the cell
what is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Contains DNA and controls the cell
what is the function of the Ribosomes
Manufactures proteins
what is the function of the Mitochondria
Releases energy
what is the function of the Chromatin
Long strands of DNA
what is the function of the Chloroplast
Does photosynthesis in plant cells
what is the function of the Vacuole
Stores water, food, and waste
what is the function of the Golgi body
sorts & packages substances in the cell
Which cell parts are found only in plant cells?
Cell wall and chloroplasts
what releases energy for the cell to use
mitochondria
Structure that forms the outer boundary of an animal cell
cell membrane
Provides structure to the cell, not found in animal cells
Cell wall
Contains genetic information
nucleus
Special structures in the cell that perform specific functions.
organelles
why do cells divide?
for Growth, Repair, and Reproduction
what is the stage before mitosis and what happens?
Interphase, Cell is growing, copying organelles, replicating DNA
Most of the cell’s life is spent in interphase
what are the four stages of mitosis and whats happens up to this stage?
Cell divides into two identical daughter cells. 4 stages in order: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What happens in prophase?
Nucleus dissolves, chromatin coils to form chromosomes
what happens in Metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, centrioles send out spindle fibres to help move chromosomes
what happens in Anaphase?
Spindle fibres pull chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
What happens in Telophase?
Cell membrane starts to pinch in, nucleus forms around each set of chromosomes, chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin
What happens in cytokinesis?
Cell membrane and cytoplasm divide to form two identical daughter cells
What is cancer?
Uncontrolled cell division
What is a carcinogen? Give three examples of substances that are carcinogenic ( risk of developing cancer)
Something that increases the risk of developing cancer.
smoking, alcohol, UV, X rays,, some foods
How can cancer be treated?
Chemotherapy and radiation
List the terms in order from least to most complex: ORGAN, TISSUE, CELL, ORGAN SYSTEM
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
What is a stem cell?
Undifferentiated cell
Describe an important use of stem cells in science or medicine.
Cloning, grow organs for transplants (potential), treat some diseases
Why might some people be opposed to stem cell research
Some ethical objections to using embryonic stem cells.
what are the two types of stem cells
Embryonic stem cells, Somatic / Tissue / Adult stem cells
A microscope has an ocular lens with 10X magnification, and 3 objective lenses with 4X, 40X and 400X magnification. Calculate the total magnification at low, medium and high power.
Low: 40x
Medium: 400x
High: 4000x
Describe the steps to view a specimen on a microscope slide on medium power.
Lower stage as far as possible, use LOW power lens, use coarse adjustment to focus, then fine adjustment. then switch to MEDIUM power objective lens, ONLY use fine adjustment to focus.
