CELLS BIOLOGY 1 Flashcards
It is the smallest unit of structure and function of living things that carries on life processes
Cells
Who discovered cells?
Robert Hooke
It is a box shaped structures look like monks room called?
Cells
What year does cell discovered?
1665
Who is the first person to see living cells?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
He is a botanist that concluded all plants are made of cells.
Matthias Schleiden
He is a zoologist that concluded all animals are made of cells.
Theodor Schwann
He is a physician that concluded cells come only from other living cells.
Rudolf Virchow
Most cells are composed of four elements. What are these?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
It is group of cells that are similar in structure and function.
Tissues
Cells are not all the same. It is true or false?
True
All cells share general structures. Is it true or false?
True
What are the three main regions of cells?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
It is the control center of the cell and contains genetic material (DNA)
Nucleus
What are the three regions of nucleus?
Nuclear envelope (membrane)
Nucleolus
Chromatin
It is the barrier of the nucleus?
Nuclear envelope
It consists of a double membrane and contains nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell.
Nuclear envelope
It is the sites of ribosome assembly
Nucleoli
It migrated into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores
Ribosomes
It is composed of dna and protein, present when the cell is not dividing, scattered throughout the nucleus, condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides.
Chromatin
It is a barrier for cell contents, a double phospholipid layer, and also contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins.
Plasma membrane
What are the double for phospholipid layer?
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails
What are the three membrane junctions?
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
These are impermeable junctions and bind cells together into leakproof sheets?
Tight junctions
Anchoring junctions that prevents cells from being pulled apart.
Desmosomes
These junctions allow communication between cells?
Gap junctions
This is the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane and site of most cellular activities.
Cytoplasm
What are the three major elements of cytoplasm?
Cytosol
Inclusions
Organelles
It is a major element of cytoplasm that is a fluid that suspends other elements.
Cytosol
It is a major element of cytoplasm which is a chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products
Inclusions
It is the metabolic machinery of the cell or “little organs” that perform functions for the cell.
Organelles
What are the double membrane, fluid-filled sacs of mitochondria?
Folded inner membrane (cristae)
Outer membrane
The folded inner membrane of mitochondria is also called?
Cristae
It is part of the cytoplasmic organelles that provides atp for cellular energy and makes atp from glucose.
Mitochondria
What is ATP stands for?
Adenosine triphosphate
It is made of protein and RNA and sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
It is a fluid filled tubules for carrying substances
Endoplasmic reticulum
What are the two types of endoplasmic?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
It is a type of endoplasmic reticulum that studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A type of endoplasmic reticulum that functions in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
It modifies and packages proteins and produces different types of packages.
Golgi apparatus
What are the different types of packages that produced by golgi apparatus?
Secretory vesicles
Cell membrane components
Lysosomes
It contains enzymes produced by ribosomes, it was packaged by the golgi apparatus and digest worn-out or non usable materials within the cell
Lysosomes
It was also described as a cellular stomach.
Lysosomes
It is a membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes and replicate by pinching in half.
Peroxisomes
It detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde and breakdown free radicals (highly reactive chemicals)
Oxidase enzymes
Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm, provides the cell with an internal framework.
Cytoskeleton
What are the three different types of elements of cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments ( largest )
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules ( smallest )
What is the sub unit of microfilaments?
Actin
What is the subunits of intermediate filaments?
Fibrous subunits
What is the subunits of microtubules?
Tubulin subunits
It is a rod shaped bodies made of microtubules and direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division.
Centrioles
It moves materials across the cell surface and located in the respiratory system to move mucus.
Cilia
It propel the cell
Flagella
What is the only flagellated cell in the human body?
Sperm
These are tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane and it increase surface area for absorption.
Microvilli
Erythrocytes has no organelles. Is it true or false?
True
What are the cells that connect body parts?
Fibroblasts
Erythrocytes
What is the cell that cover online body organs?
Epithelial cell
What are the cells that move organs and body parts?
Skeletal muscle cell
Cardiac cell
Smooth muscle cell
It is a cell that stores nutrients.
Fat cell
Cell that fights disease
White blood cells specifically the macrophage
A cell that gathers information and controls body functions.
Nerve cell/ neuron
