CELL BIOLOGY 2 Flashcards
It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components
Solution
It is the dissolving medium; typically water in the body
Solvent
It is a components in smaller quantities within a solution
Solutes
It includes nucleoplasm and cytosol.
Intracellular fluid
It is a fluid on the exterior of the cell
Interstitial fluid
What is the term when plasma membrane allows some materials to pass while excluding others?
Selective permeability
What are the two basic methods of transport?
Passive processes
Active processes
It is a method of transport that doesn’t required energy.
Passive processes
It is a method of transport in which the cell must provide metabolic energy (ATP)
Active processes
It is a process by which particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution.
Diffusion
It is a type of diffusion which is an unassisted process
Simple diffusion
It is a simple diffusion of water
Osmosis
It is a diffusion of water through a specific channel protein (aquaporin) or through the lipid bilayer.
Osmosis
It is a diffusion in which substances require a protein carrier for passive transport.
Facilitated diffusion
It is a process in which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure?
Filtration
What are the two common forms of active transport?
Active transport (solute pumping) Vesicular transport
Exocytosis and endocytosis are example of what transport?
Vesicular transport
What are the types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Extracellular substances her in gulf by being in enclosed in a membranous vesicle.
Endocytosis
It is a type of endocytosis which is also called “cell eating”
Phagocytosis
It is a type of endocytosis which is also called as “cell drinking”.
Pinocytosis
What are the two major periods of cells?
Interphase
Cell division
It is a period in which cell grows and cell carries on metabolic processes
Interphase
It is a period in which cell replicates itself and a function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes.
Cell division
It is a process in which genetic material is duplicated and readies cell for division into two cells.
🧬 DNA replication
What are the nucleotides of DNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine is always paired with what nucleotide?
Thymine
Guanine is always paired with what nucleotide?
Cytosine
It is a division of the nucleus that results in the formation of two daughter nuclei
Mitosis
It is a division of the cytoplasm and against when mitosis is near completion.
Cytokinesis
It is the first part of cell division in which centrioles migrate to the poles to direct assembly of mitotic spindle fibers.
Prophase
It is the stage of mitosis when chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell on the metaphase plate.
Metaphase
It is the stage of mitosis when chromosomes are pulled apart and toward opposite ends of the cell then cells begins to elongate.
Anaphase
It is the stage of mitosis when chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin, nuclear envelope reforms around chromatin and spindles breakdown and disappear.
Telophase
It is a stage of mitosis that begins during late anaphase and completes during telophase.
Cytokinesis
It is a DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building 1 protein.
Gene
It is the building materials for cells and as enzymes (biological catalyst).
Protein
What are the three types of RNA?
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
It transfers and appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein.
tRNA
Helps from the ribosomes where proteins are built
rRNA
Carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome
mRNA
This is the transfer of information from DNA’s base sequence to the complementary base sequence of mRNA
Transcription
Three-base sequences on mRNA are called?
Codons
It is the base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to an amino acid sequence
Translation
It is the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
