Cells and water distribution Flashcards
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Cells with no membrane bound structures e.g. bacteria
What is a eukaryotic cell?
All cells that make up animals body with membrane.
What are organelles?
The different functions to allow a cell to work.
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Folded membranes that product fat (lipid synthesis) for energy.
What is rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Folded membranes with ribosomes attached to make protein (protein synthesis) to produce mucus.
What is a cell membrane?
Protective layer around the whole cell that has a wall.
What does a cell membrane do?
Allows food, oxygen and water in. Let’s waste out.
What is cytoplasm?
Liquid that fills the cell (like jelly).
What does cytoplasm do?
Where chemical reactions occur, it contains water and flows constantly.
What is the mitochondria?
BATTERY. Converts energy in food to stored energy.
What are ribosomes?
Make proteins.
What is a chromatin?
Made of DNA and proteins. Used for cell division and only seen when actively dividing. Found in the nucleus.
What is the Gogli apparatus?
POST OFFICE SORTER. Stacked flat mambrane where proteins are stored and sorted.
What is a fagella?
Moves sperm cells.
What is a nucleus?
BRAIN. The largest organelle, controls and directs.
What is the nuclear membrane?
Nucleus wall. Seperates nucleus from cytoplasm but allows passage.
What are lysosomes?
PACMAN. Eats waste and digests. Breaks down a cell when it dies.
What is Cilla?
HAIRS. Wafts/moves substances over surface.
Where is Cilla found?
Respiratory tract moving mucus and female reproductive tract.
Where are melanocytes found?
Found in lower layers of skin and hair.
What do Melanocytes do?
Produce pigment in hair and skin.
Where are haemosiderin found?
Cells that destroy red blood cells e.g. liver or spleen.
What are secretory vesicles?
POST MAN. Receive protein from Golgi apparatus after sorting. Allow protein to move from inside to outside of a cell.
What is a microvilli?
Increases surface area of cells promoting absorbtion of materials e.g. looking through intestine.
What is metabolism?
The total sum of chemical reactions taking place in the body.
What is anabolic?
Build up of reactions using energy (build tower block).
What is catabolic?
Break down of reactions releasing energy (tower block falling).
What is internal respiration?
Cells using food/energy to function.
Where would you find adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Stored as energy in the mitochondria.
Is ATP stable?
Yes.
Is ADP stable?
No.
Name the 4 transportation methods across a membrane.
Passive, active, endocytosis and exocytosis.
What is a passive transportation mode?
Diffusion, osmosis and facilitied diffusion
Does passive transportation require energy?
No.
Does active transportation require energy?
Yes.
What is active transportation?
Cells containing mitochondria e.g. ATP + ADP
What is endocytosis?
Taking in water or solid from the outside.
What is phagocytosis?
A cell eating solids.
What is pinocytosis?
A cell drinking liquid.
What does pH stand for?
Power of hydrogen.
What is a neutral pH?
7.4.
When will blood pH become acidosis?
When it’s dropped below a pH of 7.35.
Will you have more or less hydrogen if in alkalosis?
Less.
Will you have more or less hydrogen in acidosis?
More.
