Cells And Tissues Flashcards
Define the term Physiology.
The study of how the body systems function.
Define the term pathophysiology.
The study of disease and its causes.
Define the basic structure of atoms, molecules and compounds.
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Label a diagram of a basic cell.
Ensure the following are labelled:
Nucleus Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Mitochondria
What is a cell?
A basic unit of construction of all living things (except viruses)
Describe the purpose of the plasma membrane.
This is the membrane which surrounds the cell with a semi permeable barrier.
The membrane consists of a double layer of phospholipids and protein molecules.
Describe the purpose of the cytoplasm.
A fluid substance contained within the plasma membrane, surrounds and supports the other structures of the cell interior
Describe the purpose of the Nucleus.
This is the largest organelle and contains the DNA which determines cellular structure and function.
The nucleus contains the nucleoli which manufactures RNA. RNA reads the DNA and transfers this information to the ribosomes.
What are the 4 DNA bases? And which of these bases are complimentary?
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
G+C and T+A
Describe the purpose of the Mitochondria.
Mitochondria are sausage shaped structures that generate energy within the cell. They are central to aerobic respiration because they make chemical energy available in the cell in the form of ATP.
This is most active cell types have the greatest number of mitochondria e.g muscle.
Describe the purpose of the Ribosomes.
This is the site of protein synthesis. They are tiny granules composed of RNA and protein.
What are the 3 requirements for a cell to function.
Water : the medium for all chemical activity within the body.
Oxygen : essential for human life
Nutrition : in the form of carbohydrates (sugars), fats and protein along with vitamins and minerals.
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are types of what for the cell?
Passive transport
Define diffusion.
Solutes move from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Eventually an equal distribution of solutes between the two areas occurs.
Define osmosis.
The passive transport of fluid across a membrane from an area of low concentration (comparatively more fluid) to an area of high concentration (comparatively less fluid).
