Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Asthma and drugs > Flashcards

Asthma and drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What causes asthma? 6

A 
Inherited
Modern lifestyles
Smoking during pregnancy
Environmental pollution
Viral infection
Irritants found in the workplace
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many asthmatics are there in the UK?

A

5.4 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What proportion of adults and children have asthma?

A

1 adult in 12

1 child in 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What four presentations can an asthmatic present?

A

Moderate
Severe
Life threatening
Near fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What must we be aware of when being told a patient has asthma?

A

Asthma is rare in the older population so Particularly in older patients asthma is often mis diagnosed. Many symptoms may point to asthma but in fact be another respiratory conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What signs present a moderate asthma attack?

A 
Talking in sentences
SPO2>92%
PEFR>50% best or predicted (peak expiratory flow rate)
Heart rate     5
Resp rate    5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What signs present an acute asthma attack?

A

Can’t complete sentences in 1breath or too breathless to talk or feed.
SPO2 140/min ages 2-5 >125/min aged >5
Resp rate >40/min ages 2-5 >30/min aged >5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What signs present a life threatening asthma attack?

A

Silent chest
Cyanosis
SPO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Aetiology?

A

The study of the cause of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is pathophysiology?

A

Study of the progress of the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does asthma progress.. 6steps.

A

Airways almost continuously sensitive and inflamed
Trigger causes bronchospasm
Inflammation increases and mucus secreted.
Bronchial muscles.
Hyperinflation (of the lungs) can breath in but can’t breath out.
Reduction in tidal volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells secrete mucus?

A

Goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes the asthma expiratory wheeze.

A

Hyperinflation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define hyperinflation.

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What triggers asthma? 8

A 
Pollen
Cigarette smoke
Dust mites
Pets
Mould
Exercise
Stress
Sudden change in temperature.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Asthma.

A

An inflammatory disease of the airways associated with episodes of reversible over-reactivity of the airway smooth muscle.
A narrowing of the medium to small size airways, due to muscle spasm, oedema and blockage by inflammatory cells.

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of a near fatal asthma attack?

A

Acidotic state and/or requiring mechanical ventilation with raised inflation pressures.

Blue skin (cyanosis)

18
Q

What is the red flag that an asthma patient requires an urgent asthma review.

A

Use of over 12 reliever inhalers in a year

19
Q

What are the medical risk factors for developing near-fatal asthma?

A

Previous near-fatal asthma
Previous hospital admission for asthma especially in the last year requiring three or more classes of asthma medication.
Heavy use of beta2 agonist (reliever medication)
Brittle asthma
Repeated ED attendance for asthma care especially in the last year.

20
Q

Name 5 psychological/behavioural risk factors for developing near-fatal asthma?

A 
Non-compliance with treatment or monitoring 
Failure to attend appointments
Fewer GP contacts
Frequent home visits
Self discharge from hospital
Psychiatric illness or self harm
Current or recent tranquilliser use (ketamine)
Denial
Alcohol or drug abuse
Obesity
Learning difficulties
Employment problems 
Social isolation
Childhood abuse
Sever domestic, marital or legal stress.
21
Q

What is brittle asthma?

A

A group of asthmatics who are on the verge of having severe life threatening or fatal asthma attacks once a month.

22
Q

What % of fatal asthma patients were not recorded as having an asthma review in the past 12months?

A

57%

23
Q

Asthma patients should be encouraged to know; Why, How and When. Elaborate.

A

Why: they take their medication
Preventer vs reliever

How: inhaler technique should be reviewed regularly

When: to take their medication - during attacks
And increasing preventer medication prior to their triggers taking effect.

24
Q

How do we manage mild/moderate asthma?

A

Move to a calm quiet environment
Encourage use of own inhaler-2puffs/2mins a max of 10puffs
High % oxygen therapy.
Consider nebuliser salbutamol
(If none of the above work then move onto severe asthma mgmt)

25
Q

How do we manage severe asthma?

A

Consider nebulised ipratropium bromide
Continue with salbutamol nebulisation unless clinically significant side effects occur
(If no success then move onto life threatening steam mgmt)

26
Q

How do we manage life threatening asthma?

A

Consider administering adrenaline

If no success move onto near fatal asthma mgmt

27
Q

How do we manage near-fatal asthma?

A

Consider positive pressure ventilation using a bag valve mask and ‘T’ piece.

28
Q

What observations need to be taken for an asthma patient before and after treatment?

A

Pulse rate
Resp rate
Peak expiratory flow (PEF)
EtCO2 & SpO2

29
Q

What drugs can we administer to aid an asthma attack.

A

Adrenaline 1:1000
Ipratropium bromide
Salbutamol

30
Q

How is adrenaline 1:1000 administered?

A

intramuscular

  • upper arm
  • buttock
  • thigh
31
Q

What are the side effects of adrenaline 1:1000?

A

None

32
Q

What is the dosage of adrenaline 1:1000 for adults?

A

500mcg

Repeat after 5minutes

33
Q

What are the adrenaline 1:1000 indications?

A

Life threatening asthma
Failing ventilation
Continued deterioration despite nebulisation therapy.

34
Q

What are the adrenaline 1:1000 contraindications?

A

Repeated doses in hypothermic patients.

35
Q

What are the cautions associated with administering adrenaline 1:1000?

A

Beta blockers and Tricyclic antidepressants

36
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of Adrenaline 1:1000

A

Relieves bronchospasm in acute severe asthma.

Sympathy mimetic that stimulates both alpha and beta receptors

Respiratory (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions