Cells and Tissues Flashcards
What are cells?
The basic structural and functional unit.
What are tissues?
Groups of cells with similar structure and perform related functions.
What are organs?
Structure comprising of 2 or more tissues with related functions.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
It is where chemical reactions occur.
Rough: Transports proteins.
Smooth: Makes lipids/fats and stores calcium.
What is the function of ribosomes?
They are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the function of the golgi body?
Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for secretion.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Break down worn out organelles and materials that enter the cell.
Contain digestive enzymes.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration.
Produces ATP.
Powerhouse of the cell.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores genetic material (DNA) that code for proteins.
Controls the cell’s activities.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Makes ribosomes.
What is the function of vacuoles?
Storage
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine tri-phosphate.
What is the function of centrioles?
Cell division.
Forms spindle fibres.
What is the cytoplasm?
The contents of the cell that holds the organelles.
What are the 2 parts of the cytoplasm?
Cytosol and cytoskeleton.
What makes up the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments and microtubules.
What is the function of microtubules?
Help keep the shape of the cell.
Hold organelles in place and help move them.
What is the function of microfilaments?
Move materials around the cytoplasm/cell.
What do organelles do?
They maintain life processes and require the input of materials and the removal of wastes to support efficient functioning of the cell.
What are the 4 basic types of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, nervous and muscular.
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
It a covering or lining tissue.
Where is epithelial tissue found?
Inter layer of the heart, kidneys, lungs, intestines and liver.
What is the function of connective tissue?
Provides support for the body and helps to hold all the body parts together.
Where is connective tissue found?
Bone, blood, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.
What is the function of nervous tissue?
Send/carries messages from one part of the body to another.
Where is nervous tissue found?
Brain, spinal cord and nerves.
What is the function of muscular tissue?
To respond to a stimulus and contract, becoming shorter.
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
What is the function of skeletal muscle?
Movement of bones.
Where is skeletal muscle found?
Muscles attached to bone like arms and legs.
What is the function of smooth muscle?
Movement of internal organs.
Where is smooth muscle found?
Walls of stomach/intestines, blood vessels, the iris, uterus, etc.
What is the function of cardiac muscle?
Heart beating.
Where is cardiac muscle found?
The heart. Makes up most of it.
What muscles are striated?
Skeletal and cardiac.
What muscle is multi nucleated?
Skeletal
What is the shape and fibres of skeletal muscle?
Long, cylindrical shape and bundled fibres.
What is the shape and fibres of smooth muscle?
Short, cylindrical shape and network fibres. (matrix)
What is the shape and fibres of cardiac muscle?
Spindle shape and sheet fibres.
What muscle has voluntary control?
Skeletal
What muscle can have fatigue?
Skeletal
Which muscle has interrelated discs present?
Cardiac
Which muscles have quick contractions?
Skeletal and cardiac.
What is the function of microvilli in the small intestine?
To increase the surface area to absorb more nutrients.
