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Human Biology Unit 1 > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic structural and functional unit.

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2
Q

What are tissues?

A

Groups of cells with similar structure and perform related functions.

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3
Q

What are organs?

A

Structure comprising of 2 or more tissues with related functions.

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4
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A

It is where chemical reactions occur.
Rough: Transports proteins.
Smooth: Makes lipids/fats and stores calcium.

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5
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

They are the site of protein synthesis.

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6
Q

What is the function of the golgi body?

A

Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for secretion.

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7
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Break down worn out organelles and materials that enter the cell.
Contain digestive enzymes.

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8
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic respiration.
Produces ATP.
Powerhouse of the cell.

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9
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Stores genetic material (DNA) that code for proteins.
Controls the cell’s activities.

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10
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Makes ribosomes.

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11
Q

What is the function of vacuoles?

A

Storage

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12
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine tri-phosphate.

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13
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

Cell division.
Forms spindle fibres.

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14
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The contents of the cell that holds the organelles.

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15
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol and cytoskeleton.

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16
Q

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments and microtubules.

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17
Q

What is the function of microtubules?

A

Help keep the shape of the cell.
Hold organelles in place and help move them.

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18
Q

What is the function of microfilaments?

A

Move materials around the cytoplasm/cell.

19
Q

What do organelles do?

A

They maintain life processes and require the input of materials and the removal of wastes to support efficient functioning of the cell.

20
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous and muscular.

21
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

A

It a covering or lining tissue.

22
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

Inter layer of the heart, kidneys, lungs, intestines and liver.

23
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Provides support for the body and helps to hold all the body parts together.

24
Q

Where is connective tissue found?

A

Bone, blood, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.

25
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Send/carries messages from one part of the body to another.

26
Q

Where is nervous tissue found?

A

Brain, spinal cord and nerves.

27
Q

What is the function of muscular tissue?

A

To respond to a stimulus and contract, becoming shorter.

28
Q

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

29
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

A

Movement of bones.

30
Q

Where is skeletal muscle found?

A

Muscles attached to bone like arms and legs.

31
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle?

A

Movement of internal organs.

32
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

Walls of stomach/intestines, blood vessels, the iris, uterus, etc.

33
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

A

Heart beating.

34
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

The heart. Makes up most of it.

35
Q

What muscles are striated?

A

Skeletal and cardiac.

36
Q

What muscle is multi nucleated?

A

Skeletal

37
Q

What is the shape and fibres of skeletal muscle?

A

Long, cylindrical shape and bundled fibres.

38
Q

What is the shape and fibres of smooth muscle?

A

Short, cylindrical shape and network fibres. (matrix)

39
Q

What is the shape and fibres of cardiac muscle?

A

Spindle shape and sheet fibres.

40
Q

What muscle has voluntary control?

A

Skeletal

41
Q

What muscle can have fatigue?

A

Skeletal

42
Q

Which muscle has interrelated discs present?

A

Cardiac

43
Q

Which muscles have quick contractions?

A

Skeletal and cardiac.

44
Q

What is the function of microvilli in the small intestine?

A

To increase the surface area to absorb more nutrients.

Human Biology Unit 1 (9 decks)

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