Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Cells And Tiisues Of Immune System > Flashcards

Cells And Tiisues Of Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the immune system?

A

Eliminat pathogens
Minimise the damage caused by pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 types of cellular pathogens and 2 acellular?

A

Cellular:
- parasites
- Protozoa
-Fungi
-Prokaryote

Acellular:
- virus
- prion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the primary tissues of the immune system?

A

Places where development and maturation of adaptive immune cells (lymphocytes) occurs
Bone marrow - B cells
Thymus gland - T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Secondary tissues of the immune system?

A

Places where mature lymphocytes meet pathogens.
Spleen
Adenoids
Tonsils
Appendix
Lymph nodes
Peter’s patch (in gut)
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Lymph nodes ?

A
  • strategically located around the body
  • ‘meeting place’ for immune cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are lymph nodes activated?

A
  1. Pathogens from infected tissue are picked up by dendritic cells or macrophages and carries to closest lymph node
  2. Circulating B and T cells enter the node and congregate at specific regions (cortex/paracortex)
  3. If encounter a ‘matching’ dendritic cell, lymphocytes are activated and proliferate
    - dendritic cells use fibroblast network to travel through lymph nodes
    4.Architecture and size of node changes in response to activation of lymphocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the structure of the spleen?

A

Dedicated areas for T and B cells
Blood vessels for going in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the structure of MALT (mucous-associated lymphoid tissue) ?

A

Les organised than spleen and lymph nodes
Single cell epithelium
Lymphoid follicles (Peyer’s patches)
A lot of lymphoid tissue under mucosal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

Making of blood
Where all immune cells are made
Multipotent stem cells receive certain chemical signals, depending on which become myeloid progenitor or lymphoid progenitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the innate immune response?

A

Primitive
Non-specific
Fast response
No memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the adaptive immune response?

A

Highly specific
Slow
Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the cells of the inmate immune system?

A

Dendritic cells
Mast cells
Phagocytes
Natural killer cells
Complement
Interleukins
Epithelial barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the cells of the adaptive immune system?

A

B cells
T cells
Effector T cells
Plasma cells
Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the functions of macrophages?

A

Phagocytosis
Antigen presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the order of macrophage differentiation?

A

Stem cell
Monoblast
Monocytes
Macrophage
To either : activated macrophages
Or microglial cells (brain) , kupffer cells (liver), alveolar macrophages, osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the steps of phagocytosis?

A
  1. Bacterium attached to membrane evaginations called psuedopodia
  2. Bacterium ingested forming phagosome
  3. Phagosome fuses with lysosome
  4. Lysosomal enzymes digest captured material
  5. Digested products are released from the cell
17
Q

What is a dendritic cells function?

A

Phagocytosis
Antigen presentation (better at this due to lower degradation potential - so preserve antigens)
Antigens taken up in peripheral tissues
Migrate to lymph nodes and present antigens
Triggers adaptive immune response (T-cells)

18
Q

Granulocytes

A

Only live for a couple of days
Fast turnover as once phagocytosis and digest they exhaust granules and die

19
Q

What is a PMN?

A

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
Make up 9% of circulating granulocytes
Short-lived

20
Q

What s the first line of defence against invading pathogens?

A

IL8 recruits neutrophils to site of infection (chemotaxis)
Phagocytosis and release of anti microbial factors

21
Q

Where are eosinophils, basophils and mast cells found?

A

Eosinophils and basophils = blood
Mast cells + tissues

22
Q

What is the general function of eosinophils, basophils and mast cells?

A

Killing of parasites that are on big for phagocytosis
- target recognition via IgE (binds to worms)
- degranulation and release of toxic enzymes (histamine, proteases)
Association with allergies
- cytokines release - inflammation
- poor allocation of mast cells

23
Q

What is a natural killer cells function?

A

Recognise and destroy ‘abnormal’ cells
Don’t kill viruses, kills infected cells
Has cytotoxic granules

24
Q

How do B- cells work?

A
  1. Selection - b-cell with specific receptor selected
  2. Multiplication - following binding to antigen, B-cell proliferates
  3. Differentiation - into plasma cells or memory cells
25
Q

What are the different types of T cells and their functions?

A

T helper 1 - help macrophages digest pathogens via MHC II
T helper 2 - help B cells to produce antibodies vid MHC II
Cytotoxic - kill virus-infected cells via MHC 1

Immunology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions