Cells and Simple Cell Transport Flashcards
What are the typical features of animal cells?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Cell membrane
What is the function of the nucleus?
To control the cell’s activity and to contain the genetic information.
What is the cytoplasm?
Where the chemical reactions in a cell take place.
What does the cell membrane do?
It controls what goes in and out of the cell.
What do the mitochondria do?
Respire.
What do the ribosomes do?
Make proteins.
What organelles does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t have?
- Cell wall
- Permanent Vacuole
- Chloroplasts
What does the cell wall do?
It supports and strengthens the cell.
What is the cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What does the permanent vacuole contain?
Sap.
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
To absorb light for photosynthesis.
What are chloroplasts filled with?
Chlorophyll.
What organelles do yeast cells have?
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Nucleus with genetic material
- Cytoplasm
What organelles do bacterial cells have?
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Loose genetic material
What is a specialised cell?
A cell that performs a specific function.
What is the purpose of a sperm cell?
To fertilise an ovum.
How are sperm cells adapted to their job?
- Flagella for swimming
- Streamlined shape
- Lots of mitochondria to allow for quick swimming.
What is the function of an ovum?
To carry female DNA and to nourish a developing embryo.
How are ova adapted to perform their job?
They contain huge food reserves.
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To carry oxygen around the body.
How are red blood cells adapted to their job?
- Biconcave shape to increase surface area.
- Packed with haemoglobin to absorb oxygen.
- No nucleus to make way for haemoglobin.
What organelles do bacterial cells have?
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Loose genetic material
What is a specialised cell?
A cell that performs a specific function.
What is the purpose of a sperm cell?
To fertilise an ovum.
How are sperm cells adapted to their job?
- Flagella for swimming
- Streamlined shape
- Lots of mitochondria to allow for quick swimming.
What is the function of an ovum?
To carry female DNA and to nourish a developing embryo.
How are ova adapted to perform their job?
They contain huge food reserves.
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To carry oxygen around the body.
How are red blood cells adapted to their job?
- Biconcave shape to increase surface area.
- Packed with haemoglobin to absorb oxygen.
- No nucleus to make way for haemoglobin.
What is the function of the palisade leaf cell?
To photosynthesise.
What is the distribution of chloroplasts like in a palisade leaf cell?
They have a lot of chloroplasts which are concentrated in the top of the cell so that they can get sunlight easily.
How are palisade leaf cells adapted to perform their task?
- Lots of chloroplasts
- Tall to increase surface area for Carbon Dioxide absorption.
- Thin so that a lot can fit in the top of the leaf.
What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
In what two states of matter can diffusion take place in? Why?
Liquids and gases because the particles in them are free to move.
How do cells use diffusion?
To move dissolved substances in and out of cells.
Name four molecules that are small enough to fit through a cell membrane.
- Oxygen
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Water
Name two molecules that are too big to fit through a cell membrane.
Starch and protein.
How can one increase the rate of diffusion into a cell?
Increase the concentration of molecules around the cell.
How can one increase the rate of diffusion out of a cell?
By decreasing the concentration of molecules around the cell.
