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Biology - Unit Two > Cells and Simple Cell Transport > Flashcards

Cells and Simple Cell Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the typical features of animal cells?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Cell membrane
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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

To control the cell’s activity and to contain the genetic information.

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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Where the chemical reactions in a cell take place.

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4
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

It controls what goes in and out of the cell.

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5
Q

What do the mitochondria do?

A

Respire.

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6
Q

What do the ribosomes do?

A

Make proteins.

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7
Q

What organelles does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t have?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Permanent Vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
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8
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

It supports and strengthens the cell.

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9
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

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10
Q

What does the permanent vacuole contain?

A

Sap.

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11
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

To absorb light for photosynthesis.

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12
Q

What are chloroplasts filled with?

A

Chlorophyll.

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13
Q

What organelles do yeast cells have?

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Nucleus with genetic material
  • Cytoplasm
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14
Q

What organelles do bacterial cells have?

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Cytoplasm
  • Loose genetic material
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15
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

A cell that performs a specific function.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a sperm cell?

A

To fertilise an ovum.

17
Q

How are sperm cells adapted to their job?

A
  • Flagella for swimming
  • Streamlined shape
  • Lots of mitochondria to allow for quick swimming.
18
Q

What is the function of an ovum?

A

To carry female DNA and to nourish a developing embryo.

19
Q

How are ova adapted to perform their job?

A

They contain huge food reserves.

20
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

To carry oxygen around the body.

21
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to their job?

A
  • Biconcave shape to increase surface area.
  • Packed with haemoglobin to absorb oxygen.
  • No nucleus to make way for haemoglobin.
22
Q

What organelles do bacterial cells have?

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Cytoplasm
  • Loose genetic material
23
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

A cell that performs a specific function.

24
Q

What is the purpose of a sperm cell?

A

To fertilise an ovum.

25
Q

How are sperm cells adapted to their job?

A
  • Flagella for swimming
  • Streamlined shape
  • Lots of mitochondria to allow for quick swimming.
26
Q

What is the function of an ovum?

A

To carry female DNA and to nourish a developing embryo.

27
Q

How are ova adapted to perform their job?

A

They contain huge food reserves.

28
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

To carry oxygen around the body.

29
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to their job?

A
  • Biconcave shape to increase surface area.
  • Packed with haemoglobin to absorb oxygen.
  • No nucleus to make way for haemoglobin.
30
Q

What is the function of the palisade leaf cell?

A

To photosynthesise.

31
Q

What is the distribution of chloroplasts like in a palisade leaf cell?

A

They have a lot of chloroplasts which are concentrated in the top of the cell so that they can get sunlight easily.

32
Q

How are palisade leaf cells adapted to perform their task?

A
  • Lots of chloroplasts
  • Tall to increase surface area for Carbon Dioxide absorption.
  • Thin so that a lot can fit in the top of the leaf.
33
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

34
Q

In what two states of matter can diffusion take place in? Why?

A

Liquids and gases because the particles in them are free to move.

35
Q

How do cells use diffusion?

A

To move dissolved substances in and out of cells.

36
Q

Name four molecules that are small enough to fit through a cell membrane.

A
  • Oxygen
  • Glucose
  • Amino acids
  • Water
37
Q

Name two molecules that are too big to fit through a cell membrane.

A

Starch and protein.

38
Q

How can one increase the rate of diffusion into a cell?

A

Increase the concentration of molecules around the cell.

39
Q

How can one increase the rate of diffusion out of a cell?

A

By decreasing the concentration of molecules around the cell.

Biology - Unit Two (8 decks)

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