Cells and Organs of the Immune System Flashcards
Eosinophils are important for host defence against ___________ and may be involved in ________ reactions
parasites
allergic reactions
Neutrophils circulate in the bloodstream looking for foreign objects to _________ and ________
degrade (e.g., bacteria)
phagocytose
The number of circulating neutrophils is estimated using the _________
absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
Neutrophilia
Neutropenia
Granulocytes can be identified by expression of _________ (immature state) and ________ (activated state);
CD16, CD34
CD11b/CD18
Additionally, activated basophils can be identified by CD13/Aminopeptidase N, CD107a/LAMP1 or CD164; eosinophils by CD44, CD69, IL-5, and neutrophils by CD16, L-selectin, MPO
Where are mast cells generated?
bone marrow
connective tissue mast cells are involved with
local allergic reaction
mucosal mast cells
Macrophages also have important non-immune functions, such as ___________, like red blood cells
recycling dead cells
Which cells contain granules, which are filled with proteins that can form holes in the target cell and also cause apoptosis
(programmed cell death)
Natural killer cells
One subpopulation of NK cells that has features of both innate and adaptive immunity
NKT cells
Dentritic cells
Specialized sentinel cells that constantly sense and respond to their immediate environment
All dentritic cells are hematopoietic bone marrow-derived cells, although they undergo maturation in either, the bone marrow, lymphoid, or non-lymphoid tissues
Cells crucial to bridging the innate and adaptive immunity
Dendritic cells
Upon exposure and uptake of pathogens, maturing DCs travel to __________________ where they become potent __________
secondary lymphoid organs
T cell activators
plasmacytoid dendritic cells have the ability to secrete large amounts of ________ upon activation through ______ and ______
type I interferons
TLR7
TLR9
Cells responsible for generating antibodies to specific antigens
B Cells
Antibodies coat the surface of a pathogen and serve what three major roles?
Neutralization
Opsonization
Complement activation
In opsonization, an antibody-bound pathogen serves to…
alert macrophages
Complement activation is a process for directly __________ or ___________ e.g., bacteria
directly destroying or lysing pathogens
