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Immunology and Serology > Cells and Organs involved in Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Cells and Organs involved in Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

B-cell receptors (BRCs)

A

B cells

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2
Q

T cell receptors (TCRs)

A

T cells

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3
Q

Synthesize or secrete antibody into the bloodstream

A

B cells

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4
Q

Humoral immunity

A

B cells

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5
Q

Response is as varied as the T-CELL SUBSETS AND CYTOKINES they produce

A

T cells

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6
Q

Cellular immunity

A

T cells

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7
Q

Enumerate the primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow and thymus

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8
Q

LARGEST TISSUE of the body weighing 1300-1500g (adult) that FILLS THE CORE OF LONG BONES

A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

What is the main source of bone marrow?

A

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS of the blood cell lines

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10
Q

T cells, B cells, and NK cells arise from what common precursor?

A

Common lymphoid precursor (CLP)

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11
Q

Site for T CELLS MATURATION

A

Thymus

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12
Q

Small, flat, BILOBED organ found on the THORAX that weighs and ave. of 30g at birth, reaches about 35g at puberty, and then gradually ATROPHIES

A

Thymus

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13
Q

Enumerate the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue, tonsils, appendix, cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

Once differentiation occurs, mature T and B lymphocytes are released from (1)___ and (2) ___ then migrate to (3) _______________ and become part of a RECIRCULATING POOL

A

(1) bone marrow (2) thymus (3) secondary lymphoid organs

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15
Q

Where activation of lymphocytes occurs

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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16
Q

LARGEST SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGAN

A

Spleen

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17
Q

An organ approximately 12cm in size and weighs 150g (adult) and is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

A

Spleen

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18
Q

LARGE DISCRIMINATING FILTER as it removes old and damaged cells and foreign antigens from the blood

A

Spleen

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19
Q

PART OF THE SPLEEN that makes up >1/2 of total volume; DESTROYS OLD RBCs

A

Red pulp

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20
Q

PART OF THE SPLEEN approximately 20% of total weight of spleen and CONTAINS THE LYMPHOID TISSUE

A

White pulp

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21
Q

White pulp is how many percent of total weight of spleen?

A

20%

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22
Q

Located along lymphatic ducts; serves as CENTRAL COLLECTING POINTS FOR LYMPH FLUID from adjacent tissues

A

Lymph nodes

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23
Q

What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

A

Generation of B-cell memory

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24
Q

Primary function is generation of B-cell memory

A

Lymph nodes

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25
Q

The ACCUMULATION OF LYMPHOCYTES AND OTHER CELLS causing ENLARGEMENT OF LYMPH NODES

A

Lymphadenopathy

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26
Q

Mainly localized in the paracortex (region between the follicles and medulla)

A

T lymphocytes

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27
Q

Antigen-presenting cells

A

Interdigitating cells

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28
Q

These are in close proximity to antigen presenting cells called interdigitating cells

A

T lymphocytes

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29
Q

LESS DENSEly populated but CONTAINS SOME T CELLS, MACROPHAGES, and numerous PLASMA CELLS

A

Medulla

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30
Q

Outer most layer of the lymph nodes

A

Cortex

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31
Q

Contains macrophages and aggregation of B cells in PRIMARY FOLLICLES similar to those found in spleen. These are the MATURE, RESTING B CELLS and that HAVE NOT BEEN YET EXPOSED TO ANTIGENS

A

Cortex

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32
Q

Specialized cells located in the cortex

A

Follicular dendritic cells

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33
Q

EXHIBIT large no. of RECEPTORS for antibody and complement and HELP to CAPTURE ANTIGEN PRESENT TO T AND B CELLS

A

Follicular dendritic cells

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34
Q

Consist of antigen-stimulated proliferating B cells

A

Secondary follicles

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35
Q

INTERIOR of SECONDARY follicle; this is WHERE BLAST TRANSFORMATION of the B CELLS TAKES PLACE

A

Germinal center

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36
Q

Found in the GI, respiratory, and urogenital tracts ; WHERE MACROPHAGES AND LYMPHOCYTES ARE LOCALIZED at some of the MAIN PORTS OF ENTRY FOR FOREIGN ANTIGEN

A

MALT

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37
Q

Specialized type of MALT located at the lower ileum of the intestinal tract

A

Payer’s patches

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38
Q

Found un the mucous membrane lining the oral and pharyngeal cavities ; RESPOND TO PATHOGENS ENTERING THE RESPIRATORY AND ALIMENTARY TRACTS

A

Tonsils

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39
Q

An additional location of lymphoid tissue ; function as POTENTIAL SITES FOR CONTACT WITH FOREIGN ANTIGENS ; INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

Appendix

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40
Q

Epidermis contains a number of?

A

Intraepidermal lymphocytes

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41
Q

Epidermis contains intraepidermal lymphocytes ; most of these are T cells UNIQUELY POSITIONED TO COMBAT ANTIGENS THAT ENTERS THROUGH SKIN

A

Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue

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42
Q

Proteins that appear on cell surfaces can be used as markers to?

A

Differentiate T cells and B cells

43
Q

Appear on cell surfaces, used as markers to differentiate T cells and B cells

A

Proteins / Surface markers

44
Q

Also used to DISTINGUISH DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES of T cells and B cells according to when it appears

A

Proteins / Surface markers

45
Q

Reference in standardizing names of membrane proteins found on all human WBCs

A

Cluster of Differentiation

46
Q

Correceptor for MHC class II ; RECEPTOR FOR HIV

A

CD4

47
Q

Enumerate the stages in B cell differentiation

A

Pro-B cells, Pre-B cells, Immature B cells, Mature B cells, (Activated B cells), Plasma cells

48
Q

Has distinctive markers that include surface antigens CD19, CD45R, CD43, CD24, and c-Kit

A

Pro-B cells

49
Q

Enumerate the surface antigens in Pro-B cells

A

CD19, CD45R, CD43, CD24, c-Kit

50
Q

When SYNTHESIS OF HEAVY CHAIN part of the antibody molecule occurs

A

Pre-B cells

51
Q

FIRST HEAVY CHAINS SYNTHESIZED belonging to the class of immunoglobulins called IgM accompanied by unusual light chain called surrogate light chain

A

u chains (mu chains)

52
Q

Unusual light chain

A

Surrogate light chain

53
Q

Once pre-B receptor is expressed, neighboring pre-B cells may send signals for further maturation

A

True

54
Q

Distinguished by the appearance of COMPLETE IgM molecules on cell surface

A

Immature B cells

55
Q

Immature B cells: COMPLETION OF LIGHT CHAIN REARRANGEMENT commits a cell to PRODUCE an antibody molecule WITH SPECIFICITY for a particular antigen or group of related antigens

A

True

56
Q

Occur on BOTH LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS ; DETERMINE SPECIFICITY

A

Various regions

57
Q

Enumerate the surface proteins that appears on immature B cells

A

CD21, CD40, and MHC class II

58
Q

Immature B cells leave the bone marrow and proceed to seed the spleen and other secondary lymphoid organs

A

True

59
Q

Where immature B cells develop into mature cells

A

Spleen

60
Q

Mature B cells which REMAIN IN SPLEEN in order TO RESPOND QUICKLY to any bloodborne PATHOGENS

A

Marginal zone B cells

61
Q

Mature B cells found in lymph nodes and other secondary organs (constantly recirculating throughout secondary lymphoid organs)

A

Follicular B cells

62
Q

Antigen-dependent activation of B cells

A

Activated B cells

63
Q

Antigen-dependent activation of B cells takes place in the ______ of peripheral lymphoid tissue

A

Primary follicles

64
Q

Activated B cells exhibit identifying markers including?

A

CD25

65
Q

A surface marker FOUND ON BOTH ACTIVATED T CELLS AND B CELLS and ACTS AS RECEPTOR FOR IL-2

A

CD25

66
Q

When B cells are ACTIVATED, they TRANSFROM INTO BLASTS that will GIVE RISE TO BOTH PLASMA CELLS and MEMORY CELLS

A

True

67
Q

Spherical or ellipsoidal cells ; 10 and 20um in size ; characterized by the PRESENCE OF ABUNDANT CYTOPLASMIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN and LITTLE TO NO SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULIN

A

Plasma cells

68
Q

Represents the most fully differentiated lymphocyte

A

Plasma cells

69
Q

Main function is ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

A

Plasma cells

70
Q

Where plasma cells are located

A

Germinal centers

71
Q

Plasma cells are NOT normally found in the blood but are LOCATED IN GERMINAL CENTERS in the peripheral lymphoid organ or they reside in BM

A

True

72
Q

Plasma cells (found elsewhere) are NONDIVIDING and after several days of antibody production, they DIE WITHOUT FURTHER PROLIFERATION

A

True

73
Q

Found in GERMINAL CENTERS ; have MUCH LONGER LIFE SPAN ; REPRESENT PROGENY OF ANTIGEN-STIMULATED B CELLS that are CAPABLE OF RESPONDING TO ANTIGEN WITH INCREASED SPEED AND INTENSITY

A

Memory cells

74
Q

Similar in appearance to unstimulated B cells ; REMAIN IN ACTIVATED STATE FOR MONTHS OR YEARS ; READY TO RESPOND to initial antigen

A

Memory cells

75
Q

How many percent of circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood are T cells?

A

60-80%

76
Q

T cell differentiation occurs in?

A

Thymus

77
Q

These are EARLY surface markers on THYMOCYTES (lymphocyte precursors) COMMITTED TO BECOMING T CELLS

A

CD44 and CD25

78
Q

Maturation is an elaborate process that takes place over _____ period

A

3 weeks

79
Q

Interaction with stromal cells under the influence of cytokines, esp. IL-7, is CRITICAL for growth and differentiation

A

True

80
Q

Lack CD4 and CD8 markers

A

Double-negative stage

81
Q

Express both CD4 and CD8 antigens

A

Double-positive stage

82
Q

Exhibit only one type of marker, either CD4 or CD8

A

Mature T cells

83
Q

Survivors of selection exhibit only one type of marker, either CD4 or CD8 and they MIGRATE TO MEDULLA

A

Mature T cells

84
Q

Recognize antigen along with MHC class II protein

A

CD4+ T cells

85
Q

Interact with antigen and MHC class I protein

A

CD8+ T cells

86
Q

T cells bearing CD4 receptor

A

Helper or inducer cells

87
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

CD8-positive

88
Q

Released from the thymus and seed peripheral lymphoid organs

A

Mature T cells

89
Q

Have a lifespan of up to several yrs in peripheral organs

A

Resting T cells

90
Q

Lymphocytes that DO NOT EXPRESS the MARKERS of either T cells or B cells

A

NK cells

91
Q

IL that plays a critical role in NK cell development

A

IL-15

92
Q

LARGER THAN T CELLS AND B CELLS ; contain KIDNEY-SHAPED nuclei with condensed chromatin and prominent nucleoli

A

NK cells

93
Q

_______ percent of circulating lymphoid pool and found mainly in spleen and peripheral blood

A

NK cells ; 5-10%

94
Q

Have the ability to MEDIATE CYTOLYTIC REACTIONS and KILL TARGET CELLS WITHOUT PRIOR EXPOSURE to them

A

NK cells

95
Q

play an important role as TRANSITIONAL CELL bridging innate and acquired response to pathogens

A

NK cells

96
Q

The fact that NK cells LACK SPECIFICITY in their response is essential to their function as early defenders against. This GIVES TIME for the ACQUIRED RESPONSE OF SPECIFIC T AND B CELLS TO BE ACTIVATED

A

True

97
Q

This allows NK cells to ATTACH AND LYSE any cells coated with antibody

A

CD16

98
Q

PRODUCE MORE CYTOKINES and HELP SUPPORT ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

A

High level CD56 and low or no CD16

99
Q

Have HIGHER CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY

A

some CD56 and high levels CD16

100
Q

NK cell activity is stimulated by exposure to cytokines such as ____, ____, and _____.

A

IL-12, interferon gamma, and interferon beta

101
Q

Rise rapidly during VIRAL INFECTION ; able to RESPOND EARLY during infection

A

NK cells

102
Q

Activity peak of NK cells well before antibody production or a cytotoxic T cell response

A

3 days

103
Q

Mature B cells and that have NOT YET BEEN EXPOSED TO ANTIGEN

A

Antigen-independent phase

104
Q

B cell STIMULATED BY ANTIGEN undergoes TRANSFORMATION TO BLAST STAGE that eventually forms memory cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells

A

Antigen-dependent phase

Immunology and Serology (3 decks)

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