Cells and Organs Flashcards
What are cells?
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialised functions.
What is in all cells, both plant and animal?
Cell membrane – this surrounds the cell and allows nutrients to enter and waste to leave it.
Nucleus – this controls what happens in the cell. It contains DNA, the genetic information that cells need to grow and reproduce.
Cytoplasm – this is a jelly-like substance in which chemical reactions happen.
Mitochondria – these are the powerhouse of the cell. They are structures where respiration takes place.
How are plant and animal cells different?
Plant cells have a few extra parts than animal cells.
Cell wall - this is an outer structure that surrounds the cell and gives it support.
Vacuole - this is a space within the cytoplasm of plant cells that contains sap.
Chloroplasts - these contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.
What are the main organs in the human body?
The brain controls thoughts, memory and other organs.
The heart pumps blood around the body.
The lungs separate oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
The stomach helps to digest food.
The intestines absorb nutrients from food.
The liver removes poisons from the blood.
The kidneys filter blood and produce urine.
The bladder stores urine.
The skin protects and contains the other organs.
What are organ systems?
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to do a job. Organs are organised into organ systems.
What are the organ systems in the human body?
Circulatory system (Cardiovascular System) Respiration system Digestive system Reproductive system Musculoskeletal system Immune system
This organ system includes the heart, veins and arteries. Its function is to transport substances in the blood, around the body
circulatory system
This organ system includes the nose and the lungs. It takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
respiratory system
This organ system includes the stomach and intestines. It breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
digestive system
This organ system includes the uterus and vagina in women, and the penis and testes in men. Its function is to create offspring.
reproductive system
This organ system includes bones and muscles. It supports the body and allows movement.
musculoskeletal system
This organ system includes bone marrow. It protects the body from infection.
immune system
What are the organs of a plant?
Roots
Leaves
Stem
Reproductive organs
All living organisms carry out these seven processes. The phrase MRS GREN is one way to remember them:
Movement - all living things move, even plants
Respiration - getting energy from food
Sensitivity - detecting changes in the surroundings
Growth - all living things grow
Reproduction - making more living things of the same type
Excretion - getting rid of waste
Nutrition - taking in and using food
What cells carry oxygen around the body?
Red blood cells
