Cells and genetic material Flashcards
All living things are made of?
Cells
Roughly how many cells are you made of?
Billions
Two kinds of cells , what are they
Pro-kary-otic
AND
Eu-kary-otic
All animal and plants cells are?
Eukaryotic (YOU are made of eurkaryotic cells)
All bacteria are?
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic cells are …… and …… compared to eurkaryotic ?
Smaller AND Simpler ( think pnuemonia)
What chemical makes your genes(genetic material)
DNA
What does DNA contain/do?
Contains the instructions that control what a cells does including cells development and functioning
How do Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells differ in their storage of DNA
Eukaryotic- Store DNA inside Nucleus as chromosomes
Prokaryotic- Store DNA free as a loop in cytoplasm
What is the name of the different parts of cells
Sub-cellular(under cell) structures or organelles (little organs )
What are the 5 sub cellular structures of eurkaryotic cells
1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Cell membrane
4) Mitochondria
5) Ribosomes
What is the purpose of a nucleus
To store Genetic Material (as DNA)
Like the Mayors office/No.10, it controls what the cell does.
What is the purpose of cytoplasm
Where most chemical reactions happen
The actual land of the cell , where shit happens.
What are the purposes of a Cell membrane
1) Hold the cell together
2) Controls what moves in and out of the cell
They are the border force/city limits
What is the purpose of Mitochondria
The site where aerobic respiration occurs.
Contains enzymes needed for respiration.
Respiration releases energy for the cell to use.
They act as the powerhouse of the cell.
What is the purpose of Ribosomes
They make proteins by joining amino acids together
They are the cell factories, building new stuff for the city to use
What extra organelles do plant cells have
1) A cell wall
2) Chloroplasts
3) A large vacuole
What is the purpose of a cell wall
It supports the cell and strengthens it(like a wall).
Its what keep the cell strong and harder to squish but all makes it harder/impossible to move
What is the purpose of Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis(photo=light, synthesis=making) happens, making food for the plant Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll - a green chemical that absorbs light
Its another factory similar to the mitochondria.
What is the cell wall made of
Cellulose(lots of glucose joined together)
What is the purpose of Vacuoles
Stores cell saps- helps keep the cells shape and also store food. (its like a sugar-salt drink)
How do prokaryotic cells store their genetic material
One long strand of free floating loop of DNA
Plasmids- smaller loops of extra DNA ( cheat sheet pro)
Floats in the cytoplasm
What substructures/organelles(mini organs) do prokaryotes have
1) Cell membrane
2) Ribosomes
3) Cell wall