Cells and Genes

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

basic structural and functional units of the body

Question 2

cytology

Answer 2

study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

Question 3

cytologist

Answer 3

specialist in the study and analysis of cells

Question 4

stem cells

Answer 4

unspecialized cells that are (1) able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division, (2) can be transformed into cells with special functions

Question 5

Adult stem cells

Answer 5

also known as somatic stem cells, are undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue organ.
Undifferentiated means not having a special function or structure.

Question 6

graft-versus-host disease

Answer 6

rejection of tissue harvested from hemopoietic (blood forming) between donor and recipient

Question 7

embryonic stem cell

Answer 7

undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. It control hereditary disorders and all physical traits such as hair, skin, and eye color

Question 9

genetics

Answer 9

study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease

Question 10

dominant gene

Answer 10

inherited from either (one or both) parent

Question 11

recessive gene

Answer 11

inherited from both parents

Question 12

genome

Answer 12

complete set of genetic information of an organism

Question 13

chromosome

Answer 13

genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell. Made up of DNA molecules

Question 14

somatic cell

Answer 14

any cell in the body except the gametes (sec cells) means the body in general

Question 15

gamete

Answer 15

sex cell sperm or egg

Question 16

Genetic mutation

Answer 16

change of the sequence of a DNA molecule

Question 17

somatic cell mutation

Answer 17

change within the cells of the body. It affects the individual but cannot be transmitted to the next generation

Question 18

gametic cell mutation

Answer 18

change within the genes in a gamete (sex cell) that can be transmitted by a parent to his or her children

Question 19

Genetic engineering

Answer 19

manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes. ex. production of human insulin