Cells and Control Flashcards
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase
What happenes at prophase?
DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosome
What happnes at metaphase?
Cell membrane breaks down and chromosomes line up in the middle
What happens at anaphase?
One set of chromsomes are pulled to each end of the cell
What happens at telephase?
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical cells
What is interphase?
Initial cell begins to divide
Define the process of mitosis
When two identical daughter cells are produced
When will mitosis occur?
When an organisms grows, repairs or asexual reproduction happens
What is meoisis?
This happens in sexually reproducing organisms, basically repeats mitosis but twice so we are left with four cells each with one chromosome.
What can stem cells be used for?
Treating conditions and diseases
What are stem cells?
They are cells that can be divide and differentiate into new cells
Where are stem cells found?
Early embryo development
Why can stem cells be ethically controversial?
Some belive it is killing a living thing at the embryo stage
How is camcer formed?
When cells divide uncontrollably
When DNA copies itself what does it form?
Strings of chromosomes
Where is DNA found?
The nucleus
Where does mitosis take place?
Nucleus
What are the type of nerve cells?
Sensory, motor and relay
What are the roles of the different types of neurons?
Sensory- carry signal to central nervous system
Motor- carry signal away from central nervous system
Relay- carry signal within central nervous system
What parts of the nervous system detect stimuli?
The receptors
What does the co ordination centre do?
It recieves and processes information from the receptors
What is the role of effectors?
They send responses to restore body regulations such as temperature and blood glucose levels
What is a reflex arc?
An automatic response sent to stimulus to protect the body from harm such as something hot or sharp
Describe the process that occurs in the synapse
1- Electrical impulse travles along the first axon
2- This triggers the nerve ending into releasing neurotransmitters
3- Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and bind with receptor molecules on the cell membrane of the second neurone
4- These receptor molecules on the second neurons bind to specific neurotransmitters
5- This stimulates the second neurone to transmit an electrical impulse
