Cells and cell structures Flashcards
The smallest unit of an organism
The cell
Creatures made up of many cells
Multicellular organisms
Creatures only ever one cell big
Unicellular organisms
What is required to see a cell, why?
A microscope, cells are very small.
What can be seen when cells are looked at using a microscope?
Tissues, cells, organelles and cell structure
Cell Membrane
- Surrounds the cell
- Controls what enters and exits the cell
- It is selectively permeable (only some substances can move through it)
Cytoplasm
- The gel-like substance inside a cell
- Contains lots of water
- Also contains other structures and organelles
Cytoskeleton
- Made of filaments and tubes
- Helps organise the cell
- Helps keep the cells shape
- Anchors organelles in place
- Helps the cell divide for cell division
Genetic material
- DNA and RNA
- Most cells have DNA in the nucleus
- Contains information on how to build and functioning of the cell
Nucleus
- Houses the DNA in the form of chromosomes
- DNA replication (copying) happens here
- DNA instructions for the cell are chemically read here
Mitochondrion
- An organelle that generates energy for the cell
- Respiration happens here
Chloroplast
- A green organelle only found in plants
- It captures the suns energy to make carbohydrates
- The process is called photosynthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
- An organelle that acts as a transport network for molecules heading different places in the cell
- Rough ER contains grainy looking ribosomes
- Smooth ER has no ribosomes
Vacuole
- A liquid filled space surrounded by a membrane
- It often handles waste products and is small in animal cells
- It is much larger in plant cells and stores water
Ribosomes
- Used to make proteins from amino acids
- Appear a s dark spots
Cell wall
- Not found in animal cells
- Protects the cell from the environment
- Provides support for plant cells
- On the outside of the cell membrane
What is this structure?
Cell membrane
What is this substance?
Cytoplasm
Made of filaments and tubes these structures help the cell keep shape
Cytoskeleton
One of the most recognisable molecules in history… Holds all genetic information in a cell.
DNA
What is this important structure that houses DNA?
The cell nucleus
The centre for energy production in a cell:
A mitochondrion
Plural: mitochondria
Essential for photosynthesis:
Chloroplast
An important organelle for transporting substances
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Large fluid filled organelle in plants
Vacuole
The dark speckled apprearing dot in a cell (especially on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)
Ribosomes
The extra protective layer around plant cells, but not animal cells
Cell wall
Biological diagram rules regarding your drawing
Draw only what you see
Sharp pencil
Clean lines with no sketching
Size of your palm
No shading
Biological diagram rules regarding labelling
All labels in pen
A heading below, underlined
Use pen and a ruler for label lines
Label lines may not cross and should all be on the right where possible
Scale should also be indicated when possible
No arrows, lines touch structures being labelled
Microscopic
Something too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Organelle
Specialised structures found inside living cells
These perform specific functions for the cell
