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NS9 - Natural Sciences > Body systems > Flashcards

Body systems Flashcards

1
Q

System

A

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function

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2
Q

Structural organisation in complex organisms

A

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Systems

Organisms

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3
Q

Food Nutrients

A

Substances which nourish the body

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4
Q

Ingestion

A

The intake of food by biting, chewing and swallowing

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5
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical process that convert insoluble food into soluble nutrients

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6
Q

Absorption

A

When soluble nutrients are taken up by the blood stream

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7
Q

Egestion

A

When undigested food materials are passed out of the body

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8
Q

Faeces

A

Undigested waste material which is passed out of the body

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9
Q

Main parts of the digestive system (the alimentary tube)

A

Mouth

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Rectum

Anus

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10
Q

Main support organs for the digestive system

A

Liver

Gall bladder

Pancreas

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11
Q

Health issues relating to the digestive system

A

Ulcers

Anorexia nervosa

Diarrhoea

Liver cirrhosis

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12
Q

Digestive ulcers

A

Sores on the mucous membrane in the stomach or intestines

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13
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

An eating disorder that causes people to starve. Sometimes due to a fear of gaining weigh.

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14
Q

Diarrhoea

A

A condition of having more than five bowel movents per day or watery stool.

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15
Q

Liver cirrhosis

A

A liver disease where liver tissue is replaced with abnormal nodules or connective tissue.

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16
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels transporting blood away from the heart

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17
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels in the body

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18
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels transporting blood towards the heart

19
Q

Blood carries…

A
  • Nutrients from the digestive system to the cells
  • Oxygen from the lungs to the cells
  • Waste from metabolism away from the cells to be excreted
20
Q

Main parts of the circulatory system

A

Heart

Blood vessels

Blood

21
Q

Main pathways of blood

A

Between the heart and the lungs

Between the heart and the rest of the body

22
Q

Structure of capillaries

A

A single layer of cells

Found between tissues

Thin to allow substances to diffuse to and from the blood

23
Q

Health issues related to the circulatory system

A

High blood pressure

Heart attack

Stroke

24
Q

High blood pressure

A
  • Condition where the force of the blood being pushed against the artery walls is abnormally high.
  • The artery walls push back very hard
  • They become thicker and less elastic
  • They don’t function function optimally (as well)
25
Q

Heart attack

A
  • When a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the heart
  • This causes the heart muscle itself to get damaged or die
  • Blood stops flowing to the rest of the body
26
Q

Stroke

A
  • When blood flow to the brain is stopped
  • This happens when a vessel in the brain bursts or is blocked by a clot
  • The brain cells die because of lack of oxygen
27
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs where gaseous exchange occurs

28
Q

Breathing

A

The ventilation (in and out flow of air) of the lungs

29
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

The exchange of gases between the blood and lungs

The exchange of gases between the blood and cells

30
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules of a substance from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration of that particular substance.

31
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

To supply the cells with oxygen

To remove carbon dioxide from the body

32
Q

Main pathway of air into the lungs

A

Nose/mouth

larynx

trachea

bronchi

broncioles

alveoli

33
Q

Two main proceses of breathing

A

Inhalation

Exhalation

34
Q

Inhalation

A
  • Muscles in thorax contract
  • The lung volume increases
  • Air is drawn into the lungs
35
Q

Exhalation

A
  • Muscles in thorax relax
  • The lung volume decreases
  • Air is forced out of the lungs
36
Q

Diffusion in the lungs

A
  • Each alveolus is very thin walled sincle layer of cells
  • Surrounded by capillaries
  • Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream
  • Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli
37
Q

Respiration

A

Oxygen and glucose sre converted into energy

Carbon dioxide and water are released as byproducts

Cells use the energy to do work

38
Q

Health issues of the respiratory system

A

Asthma

Lung cancer

Bronchitis

Asbestosis

39
Q

Asthma

A
  • A disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow
  • This leads to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing
40
Q

Lung cancer

A
  • A disease where the epithelial cells grow uncontrollably
  • These cells form a mass known as a tumor
41
Q

Bronchitis

A
  • Inflammation or swelling of the bronchiole tubes
  • Caused usually by an infection
  • Less air (oxygen) is able to get into the lungs
42
Q

Asbestosis

A
  • A disease caused by asbestos fibres entering the lungs during inhalation
  • The fibres build up in the lungs and cause the lungs to lose flexibility and become diseased.
43
Q

Ligaments

A

Tough, flexible

NS9 - Natural Sciences (16 decks)

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