Body systems Flashcards
System
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function
Structural organisation in complex organisms
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organisms
Food Nutrients
Substances which nourish the body
Ingestion
The intake of food by biting, chewing and swallowing
Digestion
Mechanical and chemical process that convert insoluble food into soluble nutrients
Absorption
When soluble nutrients are taken up by the blood stream
Egestion
When undigested food materials are passed out of the body
Faeces
Undigested waste material which is passed out of the body
Main parts of the digestive system (the alimentary tube)
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
Main support organs for the digestive system
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Health issues relating to the digestive system
Ulcers
Anorexia nervosa
Diarrhoea
Liver cirrhosis
Digestive ulcers
Sores on the mucous membrane in the stomach or intestines
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder that causes people to starve. Sometimes due to a fear of gaining weigh.
Diarrhoea
A condition of having more than five bowel movents per day or watery stool.
Liver cirrhosis
A liver disease where liver tissue is replaced with abnormal nodules or connective tissue.
Arteries
Blood vessels transporting blood away from the heart
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels in the body
Veins
Blood vessels transporting blood towards the heart
Blood carries…
- Nutrients from the digestive system to the cells
- Oxygen from the lungs to the cells
- Waste from metabolism away from the cells to be excreted
Main parts of the circulatory system
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Main pathways of blood
Between the heart and the lungs
Between the heart and the rest of the body
Structure of capillaries
A single layer of cells
Found between tissues
Thin to allow substances to diffuse to and from the blood
Health issues related to the circulatory system
High blood pressure
Heart attack
Stroke
High blood pressure
- Condition where the force of the blood being pushed against the artery walls is abnormally high.
- The artery walls push back very hard
- They become thicker and less elastic
- They don’t function function optimally (as well)
Heart attack
- When a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the heart
- This causes the heart muscle itself to get damaged or die
- Blood stops flowing to the rest of the body
Stroke
- When blood flow to the brain is stopped
- This happens when a vessel in the brain bursts or is blocked by a clot
- The brain cells die because of lack of oxygen
Alveoli
Air sacs where gaseous exchange occurs
Breathing
The ventilation (in and out flow of air) of the lungs
Gaseous exchange
The exchange of gases between the blood and lungs
The exchange of gases between the blood and cells
Diffusion
The movement of molecules of a substance from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration of that particular substance.
Function of the respiratory system
To supply the cells with oxygen
To remove carbon dioxide from the body
Main pathway of air into the lungs
Nose/mouth
larynx
trachea
bronchi
broncioles
alveoli
Two main proceses of breathing
Inhalation
Exhalation
Inhalation
- Muscles in thorax contract
- The lung volume increases
- Air is drawn into the lungs
Exhalation
- Muscles in thorax relax
- The lung volume decreases
- Air is forced out of the lungs
Diffusion in the lungs
- Each alveolus is very thin walled sincle layer of cells
- Surrounded by capillaries
- Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream
- Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli
Respiration
Oxygen and glucose sre converted into energy
Carbon dioxide and water are released as byproducts
Cells use the energy to do work
Health issues of the respiratory system
Asthma
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asbestosis
Asthma
- A disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow
- This leads to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing
Lung cancer
- A disease where the epithelial cells grow uncontrollably
- These cells form a mass known as a tumor
Bronchitis
- Inflammation or swelling of the bronchiole tubes
- Caused usually by an infection
- Less air (oxygen) is able to get into the lungs
Asbestosis
- A disease caused by asbestos fibres entering the lungs during inhalation
- The fibres build up in the lungs and cause the lungs to lose flexibility and become diseased.
Ligaments
Tough, flexible
