Cells Alive 3 - Plant Reproduction Flashcards
What happens when a plant is ready to reproduce?
It produces flowers
Name 3 parts of a flower
3 of the following…. sepal, petals, stamen, pollen grains, stigma, ovary, nectary, pollination.
What is the male part of the flower?
STAMEN (comprising of anther (with pollen grains) and filament.
What is the female part of the flower?
CARPEL (Sticky stigma, style, ovary (containing ovules)
What is the function of the sepal?
Protects the flower bud
What is the function of the Petals?
Brightly coloured to attract pollinators e.g. insects, birds and bats.
What is the function of the anther?
To produce the pollen grains (male sex cells)
What is the function of the stigma?
Sticky to catch the pollen grains brought by pollinators or the wind.
What is the function of the Ovary?
Produces the female sex cells (OVULES)
What is the function of the nectary?
Produces a high energy sugary liquid to attract pollinators (NECTAR)
Define pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
How is pollination carried out?
By pollinators or wind
What is the two types of pollination?
Self pollination and Cross pollination.
Define self pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same plant
Define cross pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a different plant
Define fertilisation in flowers
The fusion of the nucleus of the pollen grain with the nucleus of the ovule. To do this the pollen grain must grow a tube from the stigma down into the ovaryy.
What happens once fertilisation takes place?
The ovary becomes the fruit and the ovules becomes the seeds
Name the three main part of a seed
Seed coat, food store and embryo plant.
What is the function of the seed coat?
To protect the embryo from stomach acid if eaten and to protect dormant seeds from frost, water rot and soil microbes.
What is the function of the food store
Contains enough food (starch) which can be used to allow the embryo plant to grow its first roots and shoots. Once the plant has it’s first leaves above the soil it can make its own food by photosynthesis,
What is the function of the embryo plant?
Every seed has a little embryo inside, this will germinate into a plant if given the correct conditions
Define germination
When the embryo plant grows its first shoots and roots to become a baby plant.
What do seed need to germinate
WOW
Water
Oxygen
Warmth (suitable temperature)
Name 4 ways seeds can disperse
Animal internal, animal external, Wind, Water
Name a plant that disperses its seeds by wind and what is the structure of these seeds to allow them to do this?
Dandelion seeds are light, fluffy and parachute like
Sycamore seeds have helicopter blade like structures.
These help them to carry the seed in the wind
Name a plant that disperses seeds by the explosive method
Pea plants, the pods explode throwing the pea seeds outwards
Name a plant that disperses seeds by the animal internal method
Plants with brightly coloured seeds and fruit, sunflowers, apples trees etc.
Name a plant that disperses seeds by the animal external method
Cleavers (sticky-willie)
or
Burdock has hooks
