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science- sec 3 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic unit of life

Each cell has a defined role

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2
Q

What is an organelle ?

A

Structure that fulfil important task s

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3
Q

What are some examples of the vital functions of cells ?

A

Use oxygen vi
A cellular respiration to get energy needed to function

Growth and repair functions of the body

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4
Q

Cel

A

Selectively per,eagle to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells

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5
Q

What is the basic function of the cytoplasm?

A

To protect the cell from its surroundings

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6
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm ?

A

To make a boundary between th e the inner environment of th excellent Th

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7
Q

Where is the nucleus located ?

A

The heart of the majority of eukaryotic cells (animal or plant)

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8
Q

What is the nucleus mission ?

A

To direct and control all activities that occur in the cell

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9
Q

What does the nucleus house?

A

Dana and the chromosomes which carry the genes. The nucleus directs cell division

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10
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

They contain membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus
They can be single felled or multi celles
Ex: humans or plants

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11
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

Cells that do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane - bound organelles

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12
Q

What does the cytoplasm comprise of?

A

Cytosol [gel like substance enclosed within th cell memebrane) and the organelles (the cells internal sub-structures)

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13
Q

What happens in the cytoplasm ?

A

All of the contents of the cells of prokaryotic organism are contained within the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What are ribosomes responsible for ?

A

They are responsible for protein synthesis

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15
Q

What are ribosomes

A

Organelles that are found in the cytoplasm
There can be up to 10 million ribosomes in a cell
They are the cells protein factories

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16
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmes retilicum do?

A

Synthesizes lipids and metabolizes carbs

17
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It is linked to the nucleus’s enveloppe by the ribosomes, it’s membrane is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope.

18
Q

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum responsable for?

A

The synthesis of membranes and certain proteins

19
Q

What happens in the mitochondria ?

A

Combustion reactions occur

They convert the energy that comes from the environment to make it usable by the cell (like a power plant)

20
Q

What is the mitochondria similar to and why?

A

It generates chemical energy like a battery

21
Q

What is the energy made by the mitochondria?

A

A form of chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

22
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

An energy currency that every cell in our body can use and it keeps us alive

23
Q

What is the lysosome?

A

a small membranous sac filled with enzymes. It is created by the rough endoplasmic reticulum

24
Q

What does the lysosome do?

A

Helps to digest certain nutrients and to break down and recycle certain constituents of the cell

25
Q

What is DNA, what does it contain?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid
It contains the genetic code that contains all the hereditary information of an individual. It is the basic unit of genes

26
Q

What structural units are DNA composed of?

A

Nucleotides

27
Q

What is each type of nucleotide composed of

A

A nitrogenous base
A sugar
A phosphate group

28
Q

What are the four types of DNA forming nitrogenous bases ?

A

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)

29
Q

What are the complementary pairs?

A

Adenine with thymine (A-T or T-A)

Guanine with cytosine (G-C or C-G)

30
Q

What is DNA?

A

A very long molecule containing thousands of genes

Information center for the construction, repair, function and duplication of the cell

31
Q

Which go together

A

A <
T >

C (
G )

32
Q

What is a genome ?

A

all genetic information of an individual or a species

33
Q

What is a gene ?

A

A segment of DNA in which we find genetic info that allows the production of a particular molecule or that determines a specific characteristic. This gene occupies a precise position in a chromosome

34
Q

What is the role of genes?

A

Determine physical appearance

Functioning of cells ex: we find the “recipes” for the production of protein

35
Q

Can genes be defective ? What happens if so ?

A

Greens can be defective, in this type of situation an individual is often sick.
Ex: cystic fibrosis
Epilepsy
Certain cancers

36
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

Two pairs of 23

46

science- sec 3 (7 decks)

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