Cells Flashcards
What are living organisms made of
Cells
Describe the difference in structure between typical animal and plant cells
- No cell wall in animal cell
- No chloroplast in animal cell
- Small vacuole in cytoplasm; do not contain cell sap (animal cell)
What are the functions of cell membrane?
- Controls movements in and out (substance) such as glucose
- Keep contents inside the cell
Functions of nucleus
It controls how cells develop
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Chemical reactions e.g respiration/making proteins for the cell.
Function of chloroplast
photosynthesis/stores starch.
Function of cell wall
Stop cell from bursting
What are the purpose of red blood cells and its shape?
- To supply and transport oxygen and to get rid of carbon dioxide.
- Provides a large surface area which makes for efficient absorption of oxygen.
What do the red blood cells contain?
Hemoglobin which are molecules of protein and iron.
Functions of root hair cells
- Long extension that give them a large surface area to absorb water and ions from the soil.
What do the cilia do in the airways and oviducts?
Airways: cilia move the mucus that traps dust and pathogens up to the nose and throat
Oviducts: cilia move the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
What are nerve cells and function of it?
Highly specialized cells - to transmit information in the form of nerve impulses around the body
Define diffusion
The net movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient
List the factors affect the diffusion rate
- Distance
- Concentration gradient
- Surface area
- Temperature-molecules move faster-collide more
Define osmosis
The diffusion of water down a water potential gradient, through a partially permeable membrane
Describe osmosis in plant cells in distilled water
- Water enter cell- lower water concentration gradient
- water molecules diffuse in
- cells swell up
- cell walls stop bursting(turgidity)
Describe the importance of osmosis in the uptake of water by plants
Water enter the root hair cells by osmosis, up the stem into the rest of the plant. During photosynthesis, osmotic pressure cause the stomata to open-absorb the carbon dioxide
