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Mid Term > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma

A

forms the outer boundary of cells

Maintains integrity of cell

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2
Q

Proteins are Enzymes that

A

Metabolic reaction

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3
Q

Lymphoid system

A

Recognize self and none self cells

A distinction essential in fighting pathogens

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4
Q

Selective permeable membrane

A

Only certain substance to enter cell

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The interior of cell liquid between plasma and nucleus aka cystol

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6
Q

Organelles

A

Little Organs surrounded by cystol distinguished by shape size structure

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

The center off cell largest organelle surround by double layer nuclear envelope

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8
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Containing numerous pores that allow the movement of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm

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9
Q

Chromosomes

A

Holds DNA and proteins forms chromatin granules when cell is not dividing

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10
Q

Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope

A

: Proteins moving out wards towards nuclear pore
: center of cell home of DNA egg shaped structure surrounded by nuclear envelope
: containing numerous pores to allow movement of materials

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

RNA and proteins witch are performed in nucleolus before migrating into the cytoplasm protein synthesis in cells
Location endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Endoplasmic recticulum

A

ER membrane provide some support for the cytoplasm and form a network of channels that facilitate the movement of materials with in cells

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13
Q

Rough endoplasmic

A

Numerous ribosomes located on the outer surface of the membranes

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14
Q

Smooth endoplasmic

A

Lacks ribosomes and serves a sight for synthesis for lipids

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15
Q

Golgi

A

Produces mucus, packing and shipping, vesicles little tiny membranous sacs that carry substance from place to place within cell

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16
Q

Vesicles

A

Transport substances from place to place in a cell

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17
Q

Secretory vesicles

A

Transport materials out side towards the out side of cell

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18
Q

Golgi complex has two types of

A

Vesicles

Secretory vesicles

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19
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Are relatively large organelles that are characterized by having folds internal membrane surrounded by smooth external membranes
Internal has membranes folds called cristae
Enzymes for aerobic respiration power house

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20
Q

Mitochondrial

A

Small amount of DNA account for less then 2 percents of actual body’s DNA

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21
Q

Lysosomes

A

Formed by Golgi pled small vesicles contain digestive enzymes, fight off bacteria clean
Out cell fix cell that need replacement or have become damaged

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22
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules long thin protein tubules that provide support for the cell and are involved in the movement of and organelles

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23
Q

Microfilaments

A

Are tiny rods of contractile protein that not only support the cell but also play in cell movement and cell division

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24
Q

Centriols

A

Are two cylinders that are located near the nucleus are oriented at right angles to each other
9 triplets form a wall

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25
Q

Cilia

A

Short hair like projections from cells in the respiratory system and reproductive tracts

26
Q

Flagella

A

Are long whip like projections found in Sperm

27
Q

Microvilli

A

Are extensions of the plasma membrane That are smaller and more numerous

28
Q

What contains microtubles

A

cilia and flagella

29
Q

What are the difference between mitochondria , nucleolus , Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

MC: power house Relatively large organelles having a folded internal membrane surrounded by smooth external membrane
Necleus: contains DNA and RNA largest organelle
Golgi complex: produces mucus package and shipping
ER: makes a support system for cytoplasm and form network of channels that facilitate movement of materials, has ribosomes

30
Q

What organelles enable cell movement or movement of substance along free surface

A

Cilia with small hair like projections

31
Q

Compare the mechanism of passive and active transport of substance across the plasma membrane

A

Passive transport : does not require expenditure of ATP

Active Transport: requires the cell to expend ATP

32
Q

Passive transport three different types

A

Diffusion osmosis filtration

33
Q

Diffusion

A

Is the net move of a substance moving from a higher concentration to and area of lower concentration

34
Q

Osmosis

A

The passage of water

35
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Lipids Able to diffuse across plasma membrane because they can devolve phospholipid molecule on plasma membrane

36
Q

Carrier medicated diffusion ,

Channel medicated diffusion

A

CM: used to carry proteins
CM:facilitated transport across the membrane

37
Q

Effect of tonicity on Human red blood cells

A

Hypotonic solution: Swelling of the cell
Isotonic: remains the same
Hypertonic: cell will shrink

38
Q

Endocytosis , exocytosis

A

Endocytosis: when cell engulfs or internalize particles pinocytosis droplets of fluid ,
Phagocytosis solid particle
Exocytosis: remove large substance from cell secretory vessel contains the substance forms with in cell

39
Q

By what means do substance enter and exit living cells

A

Endocytosis , exocytosis

40
Q

Describe Cellular respiration and its importance.

A

Breaks down nutrients in cells to release energy held in their chemical bonds and transfers some of this energy into the high energy phosphate bonds ATP

41
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Is the process that breaks down nutrients in the cells to release energy held in their chemical bonds

42
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Does not require oxygen occurs in cytosol breaks down 6 carbon glucose molecule into three carbon pyruvic acid molecules to make to ATP molecules

43
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Occurs in mitochondria requires oxygen and yields a net of 34-36 ATP requires oxygen second part of cellular respiration transfer energy to high phosphate bonds of ATP Glucose yield net 36-38 ATP

44
Q

Protein

A

Formed of a long chain of amino acids

45
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Placing the correct acid on a specific part of the chain

DNA RNA are intimately involved

46
Q

DNA

A

Two coiled strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds

ATCG

47
Q

RNA

A

Single strand of nucleotides

UAAT

48
Q

Three types of RNA

A

Messenger MRNA: carries the genetic information from DNA
Ribosomal rRNA: protein composed ribosomes the site of synthesis
Transfer RNA: Carries amino acids to the ribosomes where the amino acids form protein

49
Q

Two types of protein synthesis

A

Transcription: witch occurs in the nucleus
Translation: takes place in the cytoplasm

50
Q

How does DNA determine structure for proteins

A

A sequence of 3 nucleotides bases in DNA encodes for a specific amino acid
ACA: codes for protein
AGG: encodes for serine

51
Q

Cell division

A

Cells can replicated

52
Q

Two types of cell division

A

Mitotic: when a parent cell divide to make two daughter cells
Meiotic: only occurs in the production of ova and sperm

53
Q

Four process in mitotic cell division

A

Prophase, metaphase , anaphase , telophase

54
Q

Interphase

A

Defined as the phase when the cell is not involved in mitosis

55
Q

Mitotic phases

And mitosis

A

Prophase
Anaphase
Telophase

56
Q

Prophase

A

The chromosome coil, appearing first as thread like structures and finally shortening sufficiently to become rod shaped

57
Q

Spindle

A

Formed between the migrating centrioles

58
Q

Metaphase

A

Replicated chromosome line up at the equator of the spindle

59
Q

Anaphase

A

Separation of centromeres results in the separation of the paired chromatids

60
Q

Telophase

A

The spindle fibers disassemble and new nuclear envelope starts forming around each set of chromosome as the new nuclei begin to take shape

61
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Is characterized by furrow that forms in the plasma , and happens in anaphase and telophase

Mid Term (12 decks)

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