cells

Question 1

5 parts of an animal cell and there purposes?

Answer 1

nucleus: contains genetic information and controls activities of cell
cytoplasm: gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen,it contains enzymes which control these reactions

cell membrane: hold cell together ad controls what goes goes in and out

mitochondria: where most of the reactions for respiration take place. It releases energy.
ribosomes: where proteins are made

Question 2

3 extra parts of a plant and purposes?

Answer 2

cell wall: made of cellulose to support/strengthen the cell

vacuole: contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
chloroplasts: where photosynthesis happens which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll

Question 3

4 parts of a yeast cell?

Answer 3

nucleus,cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall

Question 4

4 parts of a bacterial cell

Answer 4

genetic material, cytoplasm,cell wall and cell membrane

Question 5

where does the genetic information go in a bacterial cell?

Answer 5

in the cytoplasm

Question 6

what’s diffusion?

Answer 6

spreading out of particles from an are of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 7

what states(gas,liquids, solids etc) does diffusion happen in?

Answer 7

solutions and gases

Question 8

the bigger the difference in concentration..

Answer 8

the faster the diffusion rate

Question 9

which molecules can diffuse through cells?examples

Answer 9

small eg oxygen,glucose,amino acids, water

Question 10

which cant diffuse through membrane?

Answer 10

big eg. starch

Question 11

how are palisade leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 11

packed with chlorophyll

Question 12

why are the chlorophyll crammed at the top?

Answer 12

so they are nearer the light

Question 13

why is it good that the palisade leaf has a tall shape?

Answer 13

a lot of surface area exposed down the side for absorbing CO2

Question 14

why is it good that the palisade leaf has a thin shape?

Answer 14

you can pack loads of them in at the top of the leaf

Question 15

what are guard cells adapted for?

Answer 15

opening/closing pores(stomato)

Question 16

what makes the stomata open?

Answer 16

when the plant has lots of water the guard cells fill with it and it goes plump and turgid.

Question 17

what makes the stomata close?

Answer 17

when there is a shortage of water the guard cell becomes flaccid making it close

Question 18

why is it good the pores open?

Answer 18

gases can be exchanged for photosynthesis

Question 19

why is it good the pores close?

Answer 19

stops too much water vapor escaping

Question 20

what makes the opening and closing work

Answer 20

thin outer walls and thickened inner walls

Question 21

what are they sensitive to?what does this means happens?

Answer 21

light-close at night to save water without losing out on photosynthesis

Question 22

what are red blood cells adapted to do?

Answer 22

carry oxygen

Question 23

why is it good it has a concave shape?

Answer 23

large surface area for absorbing oxygen and helps them pass smoothly though capillaries to reach blood cells

Question 24

what are they packed with?

Answer 24

haemoglobin-pigment that absorbs oxygen

Question 25

what don’t they have?why?

Answer 25

nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin

Question 26

what are sperm and egg specialised for?

Answer 26

reproduction

Question 27

main functions of egg cell?

Answer 27

carry female dna and to nourish the developing embryo

Question 28

when a sperm fuses with an egg what happens?

Answer 28

the eggs membrane changes its structure to stop anymore sperm getting in

Question 29

function of sperm?

Answer 29

get the male dna to the female dna.

Question 30

how is the sperm adapted?(2)

Answer 30

• long tail and streamlined head to help it swim to the egg

- lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide energy

Question 31

what are large multicellular organisms made up of?

Answer 31

organ systems

Question 32

what is differentation

Answer 32

the process by which cells become specialised for a particular job

Question 33

when does differentiation occur

Answer 33

during the development of a multicellular organism

Question 34

example of a multicellular organism

Answer 34

squirrel

Question 35

three tissues in mammals?+jobs

Answer 35

muscular-contracts to move what its attatched to

glandular- makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones

epithelial- covers parts of the body

Question 36

tissues in the stomach and their job

Answer 36

muscular: moves stomach wall to churn food
glandular: makes digestive juices to digest food
epithelial: covers outside and inside of the stomach

Question 37

organs and jobs in the digestive system(6)

Answer 37

• glands(pancreas,salivary glands) which produce digestive juices
• stomach:digest food
• small intestine: digest food
• liver:produces bile
• small intestine:absorbs soluble food molecules
• large intestine: absorbs water from undigested food leaving faeces

Question 38

three tissues in a plant and job

Answer 38

mesophyll:most of photosynthesis occurs

xylem+phloem:transport things like water,mireal ions and sucrose around the plant

epidermal:covers whole plant