Cells Flashcards
Cell membrane structure
- Phospholipid bylayer
- Contains protein for strength and transport & receptors
- Has carbs to assist in membrane structure
- Cholesterol for membrane strength
Cell membrane function
- Thin structure that separates internal components from external environment
- Selectively permeable
- flexible boundary
- Facilitates contact with cells
Selectively permeable membrane
Membrane allows certain substances to pass through the membrane or transporter proteins
Extracellular fluid
- found in spaces between cells
* found in blood and lymph vessels
Intracellular fluid
- Found in living cells
- 66% of body’s water
- Mostly water
Diffusion
• passive transport
process
Movement of molecules from a higher area of concentration to a lower area of concentration
Osmosis
•Passive transport process
Movement of water molecules from a high concentration to low concentration through a selective permeable membrane
Facilitated diffusion
- passive transport process
- Like diffusion but needs protein carrier in the cell membrane
- moves Large molecules and charged atoms
Dialysis
- passive transport process
- Diffusion of small particles
- Through a selectively permeable membrane resulting in separation
Filtration
- Passive transport process
- Removing particles by passing through a filter
- Controlled by gravity or pressure
Phagocytosis
- Active transport process
* A form of endocytosis in which cells take larger solid particles
Exocytosis
- Active transport process
- The cell removing a larger particles
- Used during secretion when the cells send out new hormones or Neurotransmitters
Active transport
- Active transport process
- Use energy in ATP
- requires a protein carrier in membrane
- moves ion against a concentration low to high
- Na/K pump
Hypotonic osmosis
Cell swells
Hypertonic osmosis
Cell shrinks
Isotonic osmosis
Cell water levels balanced
Nucleus
- Control center
- Usually biggest part
- contains genetic info
- Control cell functions
- # 1 basic cell part
Nucleolus
Small structures in nucleus
Gene
Part of DNA and controls traits
Chromatin (chromosomes)
DNA in threadlike form
DNA in 46 short rod structures
DNA
Nitrogen bases that code all our proteins
Ribosomes
Small circle structure; site of protein synthesis
Rough ER
To membrane channels that are continuous with the nuclear membrane
Releases calcium
Smooth ER
Free of ribosomes
•site of lipid synthesis
•helps make things less toxic
Golgi complex
- Flat membrane stacks
- ships protein to parts of cell
- Secretes lipid from cell
Mitochondria
- powerhouse
- small sphere and rod shape
- makes ATP
Lysosomes
- Suicide packets
- Spheres of digestive enzymes
- Intercellular digestion
Vacuole
Fluid filled organelles
Stores digested food and water
Centrioles
A pair of cylindrical structures located within the centrosome
Centrosome
Dense area
Spherical cytoplasm generally located near nucleus
Cilia
Slender projection of cell membrane
Moves across cell surface
Microtubules
Straight cylinder structure
Microfilaments
Rodlike, variable length, Actin and myosin
Mitosis
Formation of two new daughter cells with identical genetic make of parent cells
Meiosis
Division of cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Fluid inside cell in between organelles #2 basic cell part
Organelles
Cell organs #3 basic cell part
Cell membrane
Protection and boundary of the cell #4 basic cell part
