Cells

Question 1

Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 1

Pro’s have: no nucleus, a cell wall and a plasma membrane, pilli/ flagella, lack most organelles.

Question 2

Levels, examples and bonds of cells

Answer 2

1organelle - nucleus, ER, Golgi
2 macromolecular complexes - chromatin, ribosome membranes
3 macromolecules - DNA, protein, rna, non COVALENT BONDS
4 monometric- nucleotides, amino acids COVALENTLY BONDED

Question 3

Behaviour of NH2 and COOH

Answer 3

Nh2 acts as a base and accepts protons

COOH acts as an acid and donates a proton

Question 4

Classification of amino acids

Answer 4

Non polar amino acids - hydrophobic

Polar uncharged - hydrophilic ( not completely charged)

Polar charged hydrophilic

Nb only look at side chain

Aliphatic
Aromatic
Nb histidine

Question 5

Pka values

Answer 5

How likely a group is to dissociate

Low will readily donate its hydrogen

High will accept protons and act as bases.

Question 6

Classifying

Answer 6

Look at physical (charge) and size

Question 7

Basic and acidic amino acids

Answer 7

Basic proteins have an pi value greater than 7 and will have positively charged amino acids.

Acidic amino acids have a pi value less than 7 with negative amino acids.

If the ph is less than pi protein will be proton protonated
If ph is greater than pi protein is deprotonated.