CELLS 3 ( cell functions & structures )

Question 1

Ribosomes function

Answer 1

Site of protein synthesis
the amino acids are correctly ordered to form proteins

Question 2

function of the cell wall

Answer 2

prevents cells from bursting due to osmotic damage causing pressure changes eg shrinking

Question 3

what is a plasmid and which cell type is it found it?

Answer 3

circular DNA that floats free in cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell that contains genetic code

Question 4

what 2 features does prokaryotic DNA lack vs a eukaryotic cells nucleus?

Answer 4

• No histone proteins present (DNA not held together)
• no introns ( cells that don’t code for proteins )

Question 5

what’s a nucleoid?

Answer 5

space in a prokaryotic cell cytoplasm where DNA is found

Question 6

function of slime capsule

Answer 6

• makes the cell slippery so cell can’t be engulfed by white blood cells
• prevents prokaryotic cell from drying out
• surrounds cell wall

Question 7

what type of ribosomes are present in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

80s

Question 8

what type of ribosomes are present in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 8

70s

Question 9

what cell type does not have a cell wall?

Answer 9

animal eukaryotic cell

Question 10

what is a prokaryotic cell wall made of?

Answer 10

peptidoglycan

Question 11

what is a plant cell wall made of?

Answer 11

cellulose

Question 12

what is a fungal cell wall made of?

Answer 12

chitin

Question 13

Function of a flagellum

Answer 13

• in prokaryotic
• hair like structure to propel the cell forward

Question 14

function of a Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

• eukaryotic cell
• produces lysosomes
• synthesises proteins from the rough ER
• processes, packages, modifies and transports proteins & lipids

Question 15

what does the smooth ER do?

Answer 15

synthesises and processes lipids

Question 16

what does the rough ER do?

Answer 16

• ribosomes attached so it processes proteins for transport

Question 17

Function of nucleus

Answer 17

• Eukaryotic
• controls cell activity
• contains genetic material and chromosomes
• nucleolus in centre, produces ribosomes

Question 18

Role of the nucleolus

Answer 18

produces ribosomes in the centre of the nucleus

Question 19

what is the plasma membrane made of?

Answer 19

phospholipids

Question 20

function of plasma membrane

Answer 20

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 21

Function of the lysosomes

Answer 21

• Small liquid spheres surrounded by a membrane
• eukaryotic cell
• enzymes to breakdown and hydrolyse foreign matter

Question 22

what do the enzymes in the lysosomes do?

Answer 22

breakdown and hydrolyse foreign matter in cells

Question 23

3x additional organelles that plant cells have that animal don’t

Answer 23

chloroplasts, cell wall, large permanent vacuole

Question 24

Function of large permanent vacuole

Answer 24

• makes cell turgid
• temporary food store for cell in cell sap (solution of salts + sugars)
• helps get rid of waste chemicals

Question 25

what membrane is a large permanent vacuole surrounded by?

Answer 25

- tonoplast membrane. - contains pigments, salts, sugars and wastes

Question 26

Function of mitochondria

Answer 26

- releases energy in cellular respiration - contains enzymes in Cristae for aerobic respiration - generates ATP

Question 27

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 27

- site of photosynthesis - contain photosystems - Contain photosynthetic pigments - Thylakoids = LDR - Stroma = LIR

Question 28

describe nucleus structure in eukaryotic cell

Answer 28

- surrounded by nuclear envelope - has nuclear pores - centre = nucleolus ( makes ribosomes ) - contains genetic material (chromatins)

Question 29

describe structure of a plasma membrane

Answer 29

- made of phospholipids - phospholipid bilayer with carrier and channel proteins within it - receptor molecules to respond to hormones

Question 30

what two proteins exist within the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane

Answer 30

carrier and channel proteins

Question 31

describe structure of a mitochondria

Answer 31

- oval shape - Cytoplasm (glycolysis) - double membrane, - Folded inner membrane called cristae (contains electron transport proteins) - inner membrane called the matrix and contains aerobic respiration enzymes for krebs cycle, link reaction.

Question 32

describe structure of a chloroplast

Answer 32

- surrounded by double membrane - internal system of thylakoids that are stacked into grana - grana linked by lamella

Question 33

describe structure of a Golgi apparatus

Answer 33

- flattened sacs surrounded by a membrane - Golgi vesicles off of the sacs

Question 34

Are ribosomes surrounded by a membrane?

Answer 34

No, they're made of proteins