Cells 2 Flashcards
Samsung notes(CELL FLASHCARDS)
YASSSS
Define nucleus
Site of DNA replication and transcription
Contains the genetic code
Name all 5 structures in a nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Nucleoplasm
Chromatin
Nucleolus
What is nuclear envelope, Histone and the function of nucleolus
Nuclear envelope- outer and inner membrane
Chromatin- protein bound in linear DNA
Nucleolus- makes ribosomes
Define mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
Contains DNA that codes for enzymes in respiration
Name 5 parts of the mitochondrion
Inner membrane
Outer membrane
IMS(Inter membrane space)
Matrix
Cristae(folding of the inner membrane)
What is RER AND SER
RER: Protein synthesis
SER: Synthesises and processed lipids and carbohydrates
Define Cisternae
Fluid filled sacks surrounded by ribosomes
Define Ribosomes
What are the 2 sizes and where are they found
Site of protein synthesis
70s 80s
70s - Prokaryotes, Mitochondria, Chloroplast
80s- Eukaryotes
What are Ribosomes made from
Proteins and RNA
What is the function of Golgi apparatus/body and what does it make and what does that do
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins
Makes lysosomes
Breaks down worn out cells(autolysis)
Breaks down worn out organelles
What do lysosomes do
Lysosomes fuse with vesicles, releasing lysozomes(hydrolytic enzyme)
Break down worn out cells(autolysis)
Break down worn out organelles
Does an animal or plant cell have centriole
Animal cell
What is the structure and function of the cell membrane
STRUCTURE Made of a phospholipid bilayer
FUNCTION Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
Proteins (Channel/Carrier which are both Intrinsic proteins)
Antigens (Proteins on the otisde of a cell)
In a chloroplast, what is one stack of thylakoids called
Granum
What is the function of a chloroplast and where does this process take place
Site of photosynthesis
It takes place in Grana and Stroma
List 3 facts about the chloroplast
Double membrabe
Contains 70s Ribosomes
Contains circular DNA
What is the stroma in a chloroplast
Liquid that contains enzymes used for photosynthesis
What organelles have a double membrane
Which organelle has no membrane
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast
Ribosome
What are 2 facts about the cell wall
Strong to prevent shape changes due to osmotic pressure
Rigid structure
What is the cell wall made from in plant cells Fungi and bacteria
PLANT - Cellulose
FUNGI - Chitin
BACTERIA - Murein/peptidoglycan
Give 2 facts about the cell vacuole
What is the membrane of a vacuole called
Maintains pressure
Keeps cell rigid
Tonoplast
What do golgi vesicles do
Vesicles fuse with plasma membrane releasing contents