Cells Flashcards
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like material inside a cell that fills the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane
Made up of the cytosol and organelles
Cytosol
Made up of salts, carbs, proteins and fats
Controls osmotic pressure of the cell, flow of chemicals and metabolic reactions
Organelles
Structures within a cell
Specialized for particular functions
Membrane bound compartment within the cell
Nucleus
Largest organelle in the cell and contains the cells genetic information
Needed for growth, repair and functioning
Cell
Smallest structural and functional unit of a living organism
Has lots of mitochondria
Contains protein filaments
Tissue
Similar cells working together to carry out a particular function
E.g. cells in muscle can contract
Organ
2 or more tissues that work together to preform a specialised job
E.g. heart - transports nutrients, waste and gases
System
A group of organs that work together to preform a vital task
E.g. circulatory system
Organism
Many systems work to form a organism
E.g. respiratory, nervous, circulatory, muscular, excretory, digestive
Nucleolus
Made of proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Where ribosomes are made
Ribosomes
Made up of RNA and protein
Make protein’s
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of flattened, interconnected membranes
Creates tunnels where substances can move through
Golgi body
Flat membrane sacs stacked on top of each other - not interconnected
Packages substances the cell has made
Lysosomes
Membrane- bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes
Needed to break down other substances- cellular waste and foreign particles
Chloroplasts
Only found in plants
Disk-shaped with a double membrane, own DNA and chlorophyll
Helps with photosynthesis
Mitochondria
Found in plant+animal cells
Double membrane, their own DNA
Preform chemical respiration - combine oxygen with glucose to create ATP
Cell membrane
Separate cell contents from the outside environment
Semi- permeable
Cell wall
Found in plant, fungal and prokaryotic cells
External structure which surrounds the cell membrane
Gives cell structural protection and strength
Cytoskeleton
Held in place by a network of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments
Holds the organelles in place
Centrioles
Small, cylindrical structures which are made of microtubules
Cell division- pull chromosomes apart
Pili and flagella
Hair-like appendages which are made up of microtubules
Enclosed by the cell membrane
Used to help cell move around
Vacuoles
Membrane- bound vesicle which contains fluid
Water plus sugar plus salt
Stores substances
Size and quantity varies - animal (small temporary), plant (permanent)
Turgor pressure- water in vacuole pushes against cells walls to help maintain cell’s shape
