Cells Flashcards
similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
ribosomes
DNA
cell membrane
cytoplasm
structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic have smaller 70s ribosomes (30 + 40 subunit) whereas eukaryotic have larger 80s ribosome (40 + 40 subunit)
prokaryotic have no true nucleus whereas eukaryotic have a true nucleus
prokaryotic cell DNA is not associated with proteins whereas eukaryotic cell DNA is linear and associated with protein
all the features found in a eukaryotic cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
mitochondria
nucleus
nucleolus
centrioles
golgi apparatus
lysosome
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nuclear pores
all of the features found in a prokaryotic cell
cell wall
cell membrane
plasmid
ribosome
cytoplasm
pili
mesosome
capsule
circular DNA
flagellum
describe the structure and the function of the nucleus
structure-
surrounded by a double membrane with pores which allow molecule to enter and leave
function-
stores DNA
coordinates cell activities
describe the structure and function of the nucleolus
structure-
found within nucleus
made of proteins and RNA
function-
produces ribosomes
describe the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
structure-
series of flattened sacs with a large number of ribosomes attached to the surface
function-
protein synthesis and folding
describe the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
structure-
series of membrane bound sacs without ribosomes attached to there surface
function-
produces and processes lipids
describe the structure and function of the golgi apparatus
structure-
flat, curved, fluid filled sacs surrounded by vesicles
function-
modifies proteins by adding things such as carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein
then processes and packages proteins and lipids into a secretory vesicle
describe the structure and function of mitochondria
structure-
bound by a double outer membrane, inner membrane folded to increase surface area
function-
site of respiration and there for ATP production
describe the structure and function of centrioles
structure-
hollow cylinders containing microtubules
function-
involved in first cell division
describe the structure and function of ribosomes
composed of two subunits either membrane-bound or free floating in the cytoplasm
where translation occurs
describe the structure and function of lysosomes
structure-
vesicles filled with digestive enzymes, bound by a membrane
function-
breakdown any of the cells waste and destroys disease causing organisms that enter the cell
describe the structure and function of a prokaryotic cell wall
structure-
forms a rigid outer covering over the cell made of peptidoglycan
function-
provides strength, support and protection against damage
describe the structure and function of the capsule
structure-
thick, slimy layer of polysaccharide that covers the cell wall
function-
prevents cell from drying out
helps adhesion to surfaces
describe the structure and function of a plasmid
structure-
circular molecule of DNA
function-
DNA replication
transferring DNA between bacteria and gene expression
describe the structure and function of the flagellum
structure-
hollow cylindrical structure attached to the cell wall
function-
rotates to move cell (movement)
describe the structure and function of the pili
structure-
thin like protein tubes on the surface of the cell wall
function-
help cells adhere to surfaces (primarily each other)
describe the structure and function of mesosomes
structure-
infolds of the cell surface membrane (plasma membrane)
function-
site of respiration
