CELLS Flashcards
What are the two main forms of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What is the smallest unit of organization in biology?
Cell
In which two groups are prokaryotic cells found?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
What is the cell theory?
A fundamental concept in biology stating that all living things are composed of cells
What are stromatolites?
Microbial reefs created by oxygen-producing cyanobacteria
Who first observed dead cells of oak bark and published Micrographia?
Robert Hooke
What does resolution in microscopy refer to?
The detail of the image and the ability to distinguish between two close points
Define magnification in the context of microscopy.
How much bigger the image is than the specimen
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells do not have _______.
membrane bound organelles
What type of DNA do prokaryotes carry?
Shorter and circular DNA
What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells?
0.1 to 5µm in diameter
What type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?
70S ribosomes
What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
They carry additional genetic information
What is the typical size range of eukaryotic cells?
10 to 100µm in diameter
What type of DNA is found in eukaryotic cells?
Linear DNA molecules
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain a true _______.
nucleus
What are the two processes of cell division in eukaryotic cells?
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
What type of ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?
80S ribosomes
What is the role of histones in eukaryotic cells?
They help support and organize the DNA
True or False: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
True
What is the difference in DNA structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic DNA is shorter and circular, while eukaryotic DNA is long and linear
What is binary fission?
A method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells
What is the significance of the Archean Eon in Earth’s history?
It marked the cooling of Earth and the formation of its first oceans
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells have a _______ structure.
more complex
What is the typical diameter of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Typically larger than prokaryotic cells
