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Biology > CELLS > Flashcards

CELLS Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two main forms of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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2
Q

What is the smallest unit of organization in biology?

A

Cell

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3
Q

In which two groups are prokaryotic cells found?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
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4
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

A fundamental concept in biology stating that all living things are composed of cells

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5
Q

What are stromatolites?

A

Microbial reefs created by oxygen-producing cyanobacteria

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6
Q

Who first observed dead cells of oak bark and published Micrographia?

A

Robert Hooke

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7
Q

What does resolution in microscopy refer to?

A

The detail of the image and the ability to distinguish between two close points

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8
Q

Define magnification in the context of microscopy.

A

How much bigger the image is than the specimen

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells do not have _______.

A

membrane bound organelles

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10
Q

What type of DNA do prokaryotes carry?

A

Shorter and circular DNA

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11
Q

What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells?

A

0.1 to 5µm in diameter

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12
Q

What type of ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells?

A

70S ribosomes

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13
Q

What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

A

They carry additional genetic information

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14
Q

What is the typical size range of eukaryotic cells?

A

10 to 100µm in diameter

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15
Q

What type of DNA is found in eukaryotic cells?

A

Linear DNA molecules

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain a true _______.

A

nucleus

17
Q

What are the two processes of cell division in eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
18
Q

What type of ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells?

A

80S ribosomes

19
Q

What is the role of histones in eukaryotic cells?

A

They help support and organize the DNA

20
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

A

True

21
Q

What is the difference in DNA structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic DNA is shorter and circular, while eukaryotic DNA is long and linear

22
Q

What is binary fission?

A

A method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells

23
Q

What is the significance of the Archean Eon in Earth’s history?

A

It marked the cooling of Earth and the formation of its first oceans

24
Q

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells have a _______ structure.

A

more complex

25
Q

What is the typical diameter of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

A

Typically larger than prokaryotic cells

Biology (8 decks)

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