Cells

Question 1

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

• further away
• devoted to the manufacture of lipids

Question 2

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

• closer
• to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
• large surface area for synthesis of these proteins

Question 3

Golgi body/apparatus

Answer 3

• located near the nucleus
• proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

• Generates most chemical energy needed to power cell’s biochemical reactions.
• Chemical energy is stored in small molecules called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

• Helps maintain cell shape and internal organization
• Provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

Question 6

Plasma membrane

Answer 6

• Consists of a lipid bilayer that regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
• Hydrophilic heads attract water into the membrane and are then propelled away by the hydrophobic tails.
• Hydrophilic means water loving and attracts water molecules while hydrophobic means water fearing and pushes water molecules away.

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

• Found in the cell’s nucleus
• Where the genes for ribosomal RNA are copied.

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

• Contains the cell’s DNA which is organized into chromosomes and is responsible for controlling the cell’s growth and division.

Question 9

Cytosol

Answer 9

• Holds the components of the cell and protects them from damage
• It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving its shape.

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

• Break down excess or worn-out cell parts, they may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
• If the cell is damaged beyond repair lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death or apoptosis.

Question 11

80S ribosomes

Answer 11

• Found scattered in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
• Site of protein synthesis

Question 12

Exocytosis

Answer 12

things (like enzymes and hormones) being released from the cell.