Cells

Question 1

What are all living things made of?

Answer 1

Cells.

Question 2

MRSGRENH

Answer 2

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition, Homeostasis.

Question 3

What do animal cells consist of?

Answer 3

Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes.

Question 4

What do plant cells consist of?

Answer 4

Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Vacuole, Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts (Chlorophyll), Mitochondria, Ribosomes.

Question 5

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Answer 5

It contains the cell’s DNA and controls the cell’s characteristics.

Question 6

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Where all the chemical reactions take place.

Question 7

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 7

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Question 8

What is the function of the Cell Wall?

Answer 8

Gives the cell its shape and supports the cell.

Question 9

What is the function of the Vacuole?

Answer 9

Contains cell sap (stores water and minerals)

Question 10

What is the function of the Chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

Question 11

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Answer 11

Where aerobic respiration takes place.

Question 12

What is the function of the Ribosomes?

Answer 12

Where protein synthesis takes place.

Question 13

Respiration equation

Answer 13

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ENERGY)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ENERGY)

Question 14

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 14

Carbon Dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen(+ENERGY)
6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2 (+ENERGY)

Question 15

What are Kingdoms?

Answer 15

All living things are classified into one of five Kingdoms.

Question 16

What are Kingdoms based on?

Answer 16

These groups are based on the similarities between the living things.

Question 17

What is a Eukaryote?

Answer 17

An organism with a nucleus

Question 18

What is a Prokaryote?

Answer 18

An organism without a Nucleus

Question 19

What are features of Animals?

Answer 19

• Multicellular
• Have a nervous system
• No cell wall (can change shape)
• Store sugars as glycogen
• No chloroplasts
• EUKARYOTE

Question 20

What are features of Plants?

Answer 20

• Multicellular
• Cell wall made of Cellulose
• Store sugars as starch
• Contain chloroplasts (chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
• EUKARYOTE

Question 21

What are features of Fungi?

Answer 21

• Multicellular or Unicellular
• Cell wall made of Chitin
• Store sugars as glycogen
• No chloroplasts
• Feed saprotrophically
• Made of hyphae (in a mycelium)
• Reproduce using spores
• EUKARYOTE

Question 22

What are features of Bacteria?

Answer 22

• Unicellular
• No nucleus, DNA is a single chromosome
• Smaller than cells in other kingdoms
• Contain plasmids (extra DNA)
• Cell wall not made of cellulose (peptidoglycan)
• Sometimes have a flagellum
• Sometimes feed by photosynthesis but never contain chloroplasts
• PROKARYOTE

Question 23

What are features of Protoctists?

Answer 23

• Multicellular or Unicellular
• Don’t fit in other kingdoms
• Those similar to animals are called protozoa
• Those similar to plants are called algae
• Some have chloroplasts, others don’t
• EUKARYOTE

Question 24

What is an example of a Fungi?

Answer 24

• Yeast
• Mucor
• Mushroom

Question 25

What is an example of a Bacteria?

Answer 25

- Pneumococcus - Lactobacillus - E.coli - Micrococcus

Question 26

What is an example of a Protoctist?

Answer 26

- Amoeba - Plasmodium

Question 27

What is an example of a Virus?

Answer 27

- Tobacco Mosaic Virus (plants) - Influenza (humans)

Question 28

What does a Fungi consist of?

Answer 28

Nucleus, Cell Wall, Vacuole, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane.

Question 29

What is a Microorganism?

Answer 29

An organism that is too small to be seen without a microscope.

Question 30

What are the three types of Microorganisms?

Answer 30

Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses.

Question 31

What does a Virus consist of?

Answer 31

DNA/RNA, Protein Coat, Envelope made from Host Cell (sometimes).

Question 32

What does Bacteria consist of?

Answer 32

Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, DNA (one chromosome), Plasmid, Flagellum (sometimes).

Question 33

What are the features of a Virus?

Answer 33

- Particles, not cells - Neither prokaryote nor eukaryote - All have a protein coat and one type of nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) - Parasites because they can only respire inside other cells - Cannot perform MRSGRENH (except respire) - No organelles - May have a envelope from their host cell

Question 34

What is an Organelle?

Answer 34

A part of a cell with a specific job (eg. mitochondria).

Question 35

What is a Cell?

Answer 35

The simplest unit of life that can be specialised to perform different tasks (eg. neurone).

Question 36

What is a Tissue?

Answer 36

A group of cells with a similar function (eg. skin).

Question 37

What are the three types of tissue?

Answer 37

Epithelial, Glandular, Muscular.

Question 38

What is an Organ?

Answer 38

A group of different tissues working together for a common purpose (eg. heart).

Question 39

What is an Organ System?

Answer 39

A group of different organs working together (eg. the digestive system).

Question 40

What is an Organism?

Answer 40

A living thing. This can be multicellular or unicellular (eg. human)

Question 41

What is a root hair cell specialised for and what are it's special features?

Answer 41

To absorb water Long and thin - large surface area.

Question 42

What is a neurone specialised for and what are it's special features?

Answer 42

To carry electrical messages Long, insulated, has branches.

Question 43

What is a red blood cell specialised for and what are it's special features?

Answer 43

To carry oxygen No nucleus, contains haemoglobin, biconcave shape.

Question 44

What is a ciliated cell cell specialised for and what are it's special features?

Answer 44

To waft things along (eg. mucus) Hair-like projections (cilia) on top surface.

Question 45

What does Saprotrophic Feeding mean?

Answer 45

When an organism digests their food externally.