Cells Flashcards
The Outer boundary if the cell, that separates if rom neighboring cells and the external environment. Made of a double layer made of lipid molecules and proteins.
Cell membrane
Thick liquid within the cell membrane which has got all the cell structures suspended in it. Cytosol is he liquid part which is 75-90% water.
Cytoplasm
Specialized structures suspended in the cytoplasm
Organelles
Consists of microfilaments and microtubules that give the cell its shape as well as assisting in movement.
Cytoskeleton
A membrane-bound sac that transports materials in and out of the cell.
Vesicles
Flattened, membranous bags stacked on top of each other. These modify proteins and package them in vesicles for secretion from the cell (Transport).
Golgi body/apparatus
Double membrane- the outer smooth and the inner folded in towards the center of the mitochondrion. Organelle releases energy for the cell through the process of respiration.
Mitochondria
Contain enzymes that are able to break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates. This organelle breaks down materials that are taken into the cell or break down worn out organelles
Lysosomes
Made of RNA and proteins. Amino acids are joined together to make the proteins.
Ribosomes
Provides a surface on which chemical reactions can occur. Channels between the paired membranes are used for storage or transport of materials. Most have ribosomes (Rough) some have none (Smooth)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Composed mainly of RNA
Nucleolus
Contains the generic components, mostly DNA, have nuclear pores, which allows large molecules to pass through.
Nucleus
Pair of cyclindrical structures located near the nucleus, involved in
Centrioles
Why are cells are so small?
Small cells have a large surface area to volume ratio. This allows all substances needed to pass across to all cell parts.
Cell drinking/ Engulf liquid particles
Pinocytosis
Cell eating/ Engulf solid particles
Phagocytosis
Organelles directly associated with the transport of the synthesized lipase within or from the cells.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Vesicles
Plasma membrane
Mitochondria
Red Blood Cells, do not have a nucleus.
What processes cant they carry out? And why?
They cant undergo cell division, repair. DNA in the nucleus control these function, DNA replication for cell division
What tends to move into the cell by passive transport?
Sodium
Glucose
Oxygen
How do amino acids move from the intercellular fluid into the cell? Because they are so large they don’t fit
They move through protein channels
Difference between the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside and outside the cell
Respiration in the cell uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
Keeping oxygen levels low and carbo dioxide levels high inside.
Blood flow to cells supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
maintaining high oxygen and low carbon dioxide outside of the cell.
