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Molecular BIOL 1 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

Module 1

1
Q

What is the three concepts of cell theory

A

1.) all organisms are made of cells

2.) cells are a the fundamental unit of life

3.) all cells come from pre-existing cells

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2
Q

the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane states what

A

1.) bilayer
2.) phospholipids
3.) cholesterol
4.) proteins
5.) lipids
6.) dynamic (like a fluid)

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3
Q

What is a micelle

A

ball-shaped cell that affects the fluidity of plasmid membranes

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4
Q

This structure’s characteristics include regulating the temperature, length of non-polar tails, additional post-transitional modifications and have single/double bonds

A

lipids

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5
Q

T/F the head of a phospholipid is hydrophobic

A

False: it is hydroPHILIC

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6
Q

What does FRAP do?

A

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleading shows that proteins move freely in the membrane

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7
Q

What components of a phospholipid is hydrophilic

A

the head consisting of choline, phosphate and a glycerol backbone

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8
Q

T/F Fatty acid chains are hydrophilic

A

False: they are hydrophobic

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9
Q

What is the importance of cholesterol in animal cells

A

it is amphipathic (hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts) and reduces membrane fluidity at normal temperatures

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10
Q

T/F all membrane proteins are classified as integral peripheral proteins

A

True

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11
Q

this membrane protein is described as transmembrane proteins, span the entire membrane, are permanently associated with the cell membrane and cannot be separated from membrane

A

Integral membrane protein

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12
Q

this protein is described as temporarily associated with internal or external side of the cell

A

Peripheral membrane protein

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13
Q

T/F the cell membrane is impermeable

A

False: it is selectively permeable and allows some molecules in/out

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14
Q

What is passive transport

A

requires no energy/work to move; diffusion

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15
Q

Difference between simple and facilitated diffusion

A

simple:
- high concentration to low concentration via concentration gradient

facilitated:
- move via channels in the membrane (passively)

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16
Q

This type of transport requires ATP for a channel to activate and/or will move molecules against the concentration gradient

A

active transport

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17
Q

Describe the properties of a prokaryote

A
  • has no nucleus
  • transcription and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
  • hopanoids in the cell membrane
  • small
  • no organelles
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18
Q

describe the properties of a eukaryote

A
  • has a nucleus
  • transcription occurs in the nucleus
  • translation occurs in the cytoplasm
  • sterols (cholesterol) in the cell membrane
  • larger than prokaryotes
  • has organelles
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19
Q

What is the purpose of the endomembrane

A

has two compartments; one within the organelles and one outside the organelles. the separation allows for specific functions to take place in/out of the membrane

vesicles allow for communication between the organelles

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20
Q

T/F the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is associated with ribosomes which synthesize proteins

A

False: it’s the ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum

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21
Q

T/F the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the primary site of lipid synthesis

A

True

22
Q

T/F small molecules can diffuse through the nuclear envelope but larger proteins and RNA require active transport

A

True

23
Q

What is the purpose of the golgi apparatus?

A

receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifies then sorts them to other organelles, the plasma membrane and the cell exterior

24
Q

What are pores?

A

protein openings in the nuclear envelope

25
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

receive enzymes from golgi apparatus that then breakdown macromolecules.
the protein pumps help maintain pH

26
Q

T/F the mitochondria contains its own genomes

A

True

27
Q

Describe chloroplasts

A

gain their energy from the sun which then synthesize into simple sugars (photosynthesis). has internal membrane-bound compartments called thylakoid where the pigments are found

28
Q

what is the organization of the bio system?

A

cells organized into tissues

tissues organized into organs

organs organized into systems

systems form organisms

29
Q

T/F a tissue is a collection of cells that work together to perform a specific function

A

True

30
Q

What does a cell junction do

A

connects cells to other cells or to the basal lamina and are reinforced by the cytoskeleton

31
Q

This is a connective tissue with few fibroblasts and a large extracellular matrix

A

dermis

32
Q

this tissue is water resistant, a protective layer, with epithelial cells and melanocytes

A

epidermis

33
Q

name the skin structure from outermost to innermost

A

1.) lumen
2.) epithelial tissue
3.) basal lamina
4.) connective tissue

34
Q

This functions to determine the shape of a cell

A

cytoskeleton

35
Q

This is involved in cell shape, cell movement, cell division, vesicle transport and organelle arrangement

A

Mircotubule (the one that looks like a firework)

36
Q

T/F Microtubules are formed by tubulin dimers

A

true

37
Q

What are the properties of a microfilament

A

aids cell shape, cell movement, cell division, vesicle transport and muscle contraction

has a double helix of actin molecules

surrounds the edge of filament

38
Q

T/F neurons are intermediate filaments in the nucleus

A

False: lamins are intermediate filaments in the nucleus

39
Q

What probably has a defect if your skin is less resistant to physical stress

A

intermediate filaments

40
Q

What are tight junctions

A

they prevent the passage of materials in between cells (create a seal)

proteins = claudins and occludins

41
Q

What are the anchoring types of cell junctions

A

1.) adherens junctions
2.) desmosomes
3.) hemidesmosomes

42
Q

Gap junctions and plasmodesma are what kinds of cell junctions

A

communication

43
Q

T/F a tight junction is a barrier type of cell junction

A

True

44
Q

Difference between gap junctions and plasmodesmas

A

gap junctions = communication between cells in animals

plasmadesmas = communication between cells in plants

45
Q

cadherins are major components in

A

adherens junction and desmosome

46
Q

integrins are major components in

A

hemidemsosome

47
Q

Intermediate filaments are the cytoskeleton attachment in

A

desmosome and hemidesmosome

48
Q

T/F cell-cell adhesion is the primary function of hemidesmosomes

A

False: it is a primary function for adherens junctions and desmosomes

49
Q

T/F the extracellular matrix provides structural support and information cues for cells

A

True

50
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the extracellular matrix in animals

A

collagen

Molecular BIOL 1 (10 decks)

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