Cells

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. Ana- means up, bold means to cast, and -ism is process

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 4

chromosomes

Answer 4

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

regions of DNA within each chromosome

Question 9

karyotype

Answer 9

picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

Question 10

metabolism

Answer 10

total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Met- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process

Question 11

mitchondria

Answer 11

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in the mitochondria

Question 12

nucleus

Answer 12

control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell