Cells

Question 1

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (until equilibrium is reached)

Answer 1

Diffusion

Question 2

A cell bursting/exploding

Answer 2

cytolysis

Question 2

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 2

Osmosis

Question 3

Type of transport that does NOT need energy and moves molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down the concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached)

Answer 3

Passive transport

Question 4

A solution that contains MORE SOLUTE – if a cell is placed in this environment, water will diffuse into the cell causing it to shrink

Answer 4

hypertonic

Question 5

Molecules are spread out evenly in a given space

Answer 5

Equilibrium

Question 7

A solution that contains the SAME amount of SOLUTE – if a cell is placed in this type of environment water will move in and out equally so the cell will stay the same

Answer 7

isotonic

Question 8

A solution that contains LESS SOLUTE – if a cell is placed in this environment, water will diffuse into the cell causing it to expand

Answer 8

hypotonic

Question 9

A protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that transports specific molecules across the cell membrane that cannot diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 9

protein channel. Example: Aquaphor

Question 10

A cell shrinking; the plant cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall

Answer 10

plasmolysis

Question 11

A special vacuole found in a paramecium that collects and pumps water out of the cell so the paramecium doesn’t burst

Answer 11

Contractile vacuole

Question 12

A type of passive transport that involves the use of a carrier protein to transport ions/large molecules across the cell membrane from a high to low concentration

Answer 12

facilitated diffusion

Question 13

When molecules are unequally distributed so that there is an area of high concentration versus low concentration

Answer 13

concentration gradient

Question 14

The movement of whole organisms/food particles into the cell by endocytosis

Answer 14

phagocytosis

Question 15

A type of transport that requires energy and usually creates a concentration gradient

Answer 15

active transport

Question 16

Movement of a substance out of the cell when a vesicle fuses/merges with the cell membrane and releases the substance to the outside environment

Answer 16

exocytosis

Question 17

The movement of liquids/small solutes into the cell by endocytosis

Answer 17

pinocytosis

Question 18

Movement of a substance into a cell by the in-folding of the cell membrane to create a vesicle

Answer 18

endocytosis

Question 19

An organelle that can fuse with lysosomes (contain digestive enzymes) so that the contents of the vesicle can be digested

Answer 19

Lysosomes

Question 20

An example of a cell membrane “pump” that pumps sodium and potassium ions to a place where there is already a high concentration (active transport)

Answer 20

sodium potassium pump

Question 21

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 21

To control passage of materials in and out of the cell

Question 22

What type of molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer?

Answer 22

Small non-polar molecules

Question 23

What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?

Answer 23

Passive has no energy, while active does have energy

Question 24

What is Osmosis?

Answer 24

the spontaneous passage or diffusion of water or other solvents through a semipermeable membrane

Question 25

What is diffusion?

Answer 25

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 26

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 26

the transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule.

Question 27

What is the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions?

Answer 27

Iso - same amount of solute on both inside and outside of the cell, no net movement of water
Hyper: more solute on the outside of the cell, cell shrinks
Hypo: less solute on the outside of the cell, cell swells