Cells Flashcards
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (until equilibrium is reached)
Diffusion
A cell bursting/exploding
cytolysis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
Type of transport that does NOT need energy and moves molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down the concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached)
Passive transport
A solution that contains MORE SOLUTE – if a cell is placed in this environment, water will diffuse into the cell causing it to shrink
hypertonic
Molecules are spread out evenly in a given space
Equilibrium
A solution that contains the SAME amount of SOLUTE – if a cell is placed in this type of environment water will move in and out equally so the cell will stay the same
isotonic
A solution that contains LESS SOLUTE – if a cell is placed in this environment, water will diffuse into the cell causing it to expand
hypotonic
A protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer that transports specific molecules across the cell membrane that cannot diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer
protein channel. Example: Aquaphor
A cell shrinking; the plant cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall
plasmolysis
A special vacuole found in a paramecium that collects and pumps water out of the cell so the paramecium doesn’t burst
Contractile vacuole
A type of passive transport that involves the use of a carrier protein to transport ions/large molecules across the cell membrane from a high to low concentration
facilitated diffusion
When molecules are unequally distributed so that there is an area of high concentration versus low concentration
concentration gradient
The movement of whole organisms/food particles into the cell by endocytosis
phagocytosis
A type of transport that requires energy and usually creates a concentration gradient
active transport
Movement of a substance out of the cell when a vesicle fuses/merges with the cell membrane and releases the substance to the outside environment
exocytosis
The movement of liquids/small solutes into the cell by endocytosis
pinocytosis
Movement of a substance into a cell by the in-folding of the cell membrane to create a vesicle
endocytosis
An organelle that can fuse with lysosomes (contain digestive enzymes) so that the contents of the vesicle can be digested
Lysosomes
An example of a cell membrane “pump” that pumps sodium and potassium ions to a place where there is already a high concentration (active transport)
sodium potassium pump
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To control passage of materials in and out of the cell
What type of molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer?
Small non-polar molecules
What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
Passive has no energy, while active does have energy
What is Osmosis?
the spontaneous passage or diffusion of water or other solvents through a semipermeable membrane
What is diffusion?
the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is facilitated diffusion?
the transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule.
What is the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions?
Iso - same amount of solute on both inside and outside of the cell, no net movement of water
Hyper: more solute on the outside of the cell, cell shrinks
Hypo: less solute on the outside of the cell, cell swells
