Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a feature of the Davson-Danielli model of membrane structure?

A

A layer of lipid sandwiched between two layers of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Outline the cell theory

A

Cells are the smallest unit of life
Cells only arise from pre-existing cells
All living things are made of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of flagella

A

locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of pili

A

conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacterial diseases but not against viral diseases.

A

Antibiotics block metabolic pathways of bacteria. Virus reproduce using the host cell’s metabolic pathways, which are metabolically different from bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compare and contrast the structure of a typical prokaryotic cell with that of a mitochondrion.

A

Prokaryote has a CELL WALL but mitochondrion does not
Mitochondrion has DOUBLE MEMBRANE; prokaryote has single membrane
Mitochondrion has CRISTAE but prokaryote doesn’t
prokaryote may have FLAGELLA/PILI which mitochondria doesn’t have

70s ribosomes in both
Naked DNA
membrane-bound
similar size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain how mitochondria could have been formed from free living prokaryotes. (2)

A 
Endocytosis (engulfing of prokaryote by anaerobic prokaryote)
Engulfed cell respired aerobically
Engulfed cell provided ATP
Engulfed cell not digested
Mutualistic relationship developed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Outline what is indicated by the mitotic index of tissue taken from a tumour.

A

Shows the ratio of cells undergoing mitosis
cancer cells divide much more than somatic cells
elevated
mitotic index in tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State processes occurring during interphase

A

DNA replication, cell growth, duplication of organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Distinguish the outcomes of a cell dividing either by mitosis or meiosis.

A

Daughter cells: 2 for Mitosis; 4 for Meiosis
No. of chromosomes: diploid for Mitosis; haploid for Meiosis
Type of cells: body cells for Mitosis; gametes for Meiosis
Genetics: identical for Mitosis; different for Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which plasma membrane model is falsified? Davson-Danielli model or the Singer-Nicolson model?

A

Davson-Danielli model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Consists of 80s ribosomes which translates mRNA to proteins. Proteins are carried by vesicles to Golgi apparatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outline the function of Golgi apparatus.

A

Modify proteins brought in vesicles from the rER to their tertiary or quaternary structure. Carry proteins in vesicles for secretion through exocytosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the endosymbiotic theory explain?

A

The origin of eukaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does evidence from Pasteur’s experiment show?

A

Spontaneous generation of cells and organisms does not occur on Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outline the cell cycle. (4)

Interphase; define mitosis; PMAT; cyclins

A

Interphase is a active phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase.
Cell growth, protein synthesis, and organelles duplication occur in G1, G2 phases.
Chromosomes duplication occur in S phase.
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei.
Consists of PMAT.
Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plants and animal cells.
Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle

17
Q

How is mitotic index calculated?

A

Number of cells in mitosis / total number of cells

18
Q

How are chromosomes condensed during mitosis?

A

By supercoiling

19
Q

Characteristics of each mitosis phase.

A

Prophase: chromosomes condense, microtubules link the poles of the cell, nuclear membrane breaks down
Metaphase: Microtubules attach to the centromeres, chromosomes align on the equator
Anaphase: microtubules pull sister chromatids to opposite poles
Telophase: nuclear membrane reforms, cleavage furrow in animal cells

20
Q

What is osmolarity. What is the osmolarity of a hypertonic solution?

A

The total concentration of osmotically active solutes.

Hypertonic solution has a higher osmolarity

Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions