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A&P 1 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure and function of cells is called ?

A

Cytology

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2
Q

Fluid present inside the cell is called

A

intracellular fluid (ICF)

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3
Q

The cytosol is the

A

intracellular fluid.

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4
Q

. Fluid present outside the cells is

A

extracellular fluid (ECF)

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5
Q

ECF includes 2 different fluid areas (called

A

compartments):

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6
Q

the fluid that stands between cells, called

A

interstitial fluid

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7
Q

the fluid that flows through blood vessels called

A

plasma

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8
Q

The structure of the plasma membrane is described by the

A

Fluid Mosaic model

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9
Q

The basic component of the plasma membrane is a

A

bilayer of phospholipids

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10
Q

hydrophilic (water-loving)  Face water are the

A

Polar heads

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11
Q

hydrophobic (water-hating)  Face inward; water kept out are the

A

Non-polar tails

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12
Q

: maintains fluidity of plasma membrane

A

Cholesterol

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13
Q

: identify cells of the body to immune cells

A

Glycolipids and glycoproteins

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14
Q

: do not span the plasma membrane, located either on the inside or outside of the cell

A

Peripheral proteins

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15
Q

various functions. Most abundant molecule after phospholipids and most functionally important.

A

Integral (transmembrane) proteins

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16
Q

Permeability is the ___ of the plasma membrane

A

leakiness

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17
Q

what determines which substances can enter or leave the cytoplasm.?

A

Permeability of the plasma membrane

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18
Q

if the substance can cross it without difficulty the membrane is ?

A

freely permeable

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19
Q

if it permits free passage of some materials, and restricts the passage of others the membrane is ?

A

selectively permeable

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20
Q

if nothing can cross it the membrane is

A

impermeable

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21
Q

Factors that affect whether a molecule can cross a membrane are?

A

Size & shape ,Electric charge, Lipid solubility

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22
Q

___of the molecule: smaller molecules  faster

A

Size & shape

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23
Q

___Ions are not allowed to pass through; will require channel proteins

A

Electric charge

24
Q

___lipid membrane allows lipophilic molecules; discourages hydrophilic substances (polar and lipophobic); they require channel or carrier proteins

A

Lipid solubility

25
Q

In addition to membrane permeability, transport requires a __ to move the substance.

A

force

26
Q

Uses the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT for the substance to transport it. That is, it moves the substance from an area of higher to lower concentration. This is described as moving the substance ‘down’ or ‘along’ its concentration gradient.

A

PASSIVE FORCE

27
Q

Uses ATP as an energy source to transport the substance, moving them from an area of lower to higher concentration. This is described as moving the substance ‘up’ or ‘against’ its concentration gradient. And, therefore, it requires ATP energy.

A

ACTIVE FORCE

28
Q

Any type of transport that uses the passive force is referred to as

A

passive transport.

29
Q

any type of transport that uses the active

force is called

A

active transport

30
Q

Any solution contains a __(solid) and a__(liquid).

A

solute solvent

31
Q

is the movement of solute molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration down their concentration gradient.

A

. Diffusion

32
Q

can diffuse through the plasma membrane easily as they are able to diffuse through the lipid portions of the membrane.

A

Lipid soluble molecules

33
Q

create a ‘tunnel’ for small solutes to move into or out of the cell.

A

. Channels

34
Q

are needed to allow the movement down their concentration gradient. These molecules are insoluble in lipids and too large to pass through membrane

A

carrier proteins

35
Q

The molecules ___ to a receptor site on carrier protein. The carrier protein ___ and releases the molecule to the other side.

A

binds changes shape

36
Q

Diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane is called

A

osmosis.

37
Q

Diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane

Occurs across a selectively permeable membrane that is freely permeable to water, but not freely permeable to all solutes

Water flows from low solute concentration to high solute concentration
this is the 3

A

characteristics of osmosis

38
Q

measure of solution concentration in number of solute particles per Liter (p/L) of solution

A

Osmolarity:

39
Q

The force with which pure water moves into a solution as a result of its solute concentration. The higher the concentration of non-penetrating solutes in a solution, the higher its osmotic pressure. A solution with higher osmotic pressure pulls water into it.

A

Osmotic Pressure

40
Q

measure of the osmotic pressure of a solution, determined by solute particles that do not penetrate the plasma membrane

A

Tonicity

41
Q

is the ability of an extracellular solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water; based on the concentration of solutes.

A

Tonicity

42
Q

Solution with higher solutes

A

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

43
Q

Solution with lower solutes

A

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

44
Q

If solutes are equal in both

A

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

45
Q

There are two types of active transport

A

Primary and Secondary

46
Q

the pump directly hydrolyzes ATP for energy

A

Primary transport

47
Q

pump indirectly uses energy from ATP

A

Secondary transport

48
Q

An___move two ions in opposite directions

A

Exchange pump

49
Q

moves substances either into or out of cell in small membrane sacs called vesicles.

A

Vesicular transport

50
Q

Vesicular transport requires

A

energy from ATP

51
Q

Two major categories of vesicular transport are

A

Endocytosis: and Exocytosis

52
Q

: vesicles enter into cells is

A

Endocytosis

53
Q

vesicles exit the cells is

A

Exocytosis

54
Q

Phagocytosis means

A

“cell eating

55
Q

Pinocytosis means

A

cell drinking”.

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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