Cells

Question 1

The study of the structure and function of cells is called ?

Answer 1

Cytology

Question 2

Fluid present inside the cell is called

Answer 2

intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 3

The cytosol is the

Answer 3

intracellular fluid.

Question 4

. Fluid present outside the cells is

Answer 4

extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 5

ECF includes 2 different fluid areas (called

Answer 5

compartments):

Question 6

the fluid that stands between cells, called

Answer 6

interstitial fluid

Question 7

the fluid that flows through blood vessels called

Answer 7

plasma

Question 8

The structure of the plasma membrane is described by the

Answer 8

Fluid Mosaic model

Question 9

The basic component of the plasma membrane is a

Answer 9

bilayer of phospholipids

Question 10

hydrophilic (water-loving)  Face water are the

Answer 10

Polar heads

Question 11

hydrophobic (water-hating)  Face inward; water kept out are the

Answer 11

Non-polar tails

Question 12

: maintains fluidity of plasma membrane

Answer 12

Cholesterol

Question 13

: identify cells of the body to immune cells

Answer 13

Glycolipids and glycoproteins

Question 14

: do not span the plasma membrane, located either on the inside or outside of the cell

Answer 14

Peripheral proteins

Question 15

various functions. Most abundant molecule after phospholipids and most functionally important.

Answer 15

Integral (transmembrane) proteins

Question 16

Permeability is the ___ of the plasma membrane

Answer 16

leakiness

Question 17

what determines which substances can enter or leave the cytoplasm.?

Answer 17

Permeability of the plasma membrane

Question 18

if the substance can cross it without difficulty the membrane is ?

Answer 18

freely permeable

Question 19

if it permits free passage of some materials, and restricts the passage of others the membrane is ?

Answer 19

selectively permeable

Question 20

if nothing can cross it the membrane is

Answer 20

impermeable

Question 21

Factors that affect whether a molecule can cross a membrane are?

Answer 21

Size & shape ,Electric charge, Lipid solubility

Question 22

___of the molecule: smaller molecules  faster

Answer 22

Size & shape

Question 23

___Ions are not allowed to pass through; will require channel proteins

Answer 23

Electric charge

Question 24

___lipid membrane allows lipophilic molecules; discourages hydrophilic substances (polar and lipophobic); they require channel or carrier proteins

Answer 24

Lipid solubility

Question 25

In addition to membrane permeability, transport requires a __ to move the substance.

Answer 25

force

Question 26

Uses the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT for the substance to transport it. That is, it moves the substance from an area of higher to lower concentration. This is described as moving the substance ‘down’ or ‘along’ its concentration gradient.

Answer 26

PASSIVE FORCE

Question 27

Uses ATP as an energy source to transport the substance, moving them from an area of lower to higher concentration. This is described as moving the substance ‘up’ or ‘against’ its concentration gradient. And, therefore, it requires ATP energy.

Answer 27

ACTIVE FORCE

Question 28

Any type of transport that uses the passive force is referred to as

Answer 28

passive transport.

Question 29

any type of transport that uses the active | force is called

Answer 29

active transport

Question 30

Any solution contains a __(solid) and a__(liquid).

Answer 30

solute solvent

Question 31

is the movement of solute molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration down their concentration gradient.

Answer 31

. Diffusion

Question 32

can diffuse through the plasma membrane easily as they are able to diffuse through the lipid portions of the membrane.

Answer 32

Lipid soluble molecules

Question 33

create a ‘tunnel’ for small solutes to move into or out of the cell.

Answer 33

. Channels

Question 34

are needed to allow the movement down their concentration gradient. These molecules are insoluble in lipids and too large to pass through membrane

Answer 34

carrier proteins

Question 35

The molecules ___ to a receptor site on carrier protein. The carrier protein ___ and releases the molecule to the other side.

Answer 35

binds changes shape

Question 36

Diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane is called

Answer 36

osmosis.

Question 37

Diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane Occurs across a selectively permeable membrane that is freely permeable to water, but not freely permeable to all solutes Water flows from low solute concentration to high solute concentration this is the 3

Answer 37

characteristics of osmosis

Question 38

measure of solution concentration in number of solute particles per Liter (p/L) of solution

Answer 38

Osmolarity:

Question 39

The force with which pure water moves into a solution as a result of its solute concentration. The higher the concentration of non-penetrating solutes in a solution, the higher its osmotic pressure. A solution with higher osmotic pressure pulls water into it.

Answer 39

Osmotic Pressure

Question 40

measure of the osmotic pressure of a solution, determined by solute particles that do not penetrate the plasma membrane

Answer 40

Tonicity

Question 41

is the ability of an extracellular solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water; based on the concentration of solutes.

Answer 41

Tonicity

Question 42

Solution with higher solutes

Answer 42

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

Question 43

Solution with lower solutes

Answer 43

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

Question 44

If solutes are equal in both

Answer 44

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

Question 45

There are two types of active transport

Answer 45

Primary and Secondary

Question 46

the pump directly hydrolyzes ATP for energy

Answer 46

Primary transport

Question 47

pump indirectly uses energy from ATP

Answer 47

Secondary transport

Question 48

An___move two ions in opposite directions

Answer 48

Exchange pump

Question 49

moves substances either into or out of cell in small membrane sacs called vesicles.

Answer 49

Vesicular transport

Question 50

Vesicular transport requires

Answer 50

energy from ATP

Question 51

Two major categories of vesicular transport are

Answer 51

Endocytosis: and Exocytosis

Question 52

: vesicles enter into cells is

Answer 52

Endocytosis

Question 53

vesicles exit the cells is

Answer 53

Exocytosis

Question 54

Phagocytosis means

Answer 54

“cell eating

Question 55

Pinocytosis means

Answer 55

cell drinking”.