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Cell Biology > cellbiology test 26/9 > Flashcards

cellbiology test 26/9 Flashcards

1
Q

which organells are included in endomembranous system)

A
  • nucelar envelope
  • endoplamic reticulum
  • lysosome
  • golgi
  • vesicles
  • plasmamebrane
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2
Q

where do endoplamic reticulum extent from?

A

from surface of nucleus, intercommunication trough cutoplasm and encloses series of Cicternae

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3
Q

Were is rought endoplasmic reticulum attached?

A

ro ribosome

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4
Q

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

production/synthesis of membranebound proteins of organells secreated by exocytosis

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5
Q

function of smooth ER?

A
  • synthesis of phospholipids
    -detoxy of harmfull compunds
  • sequestration and controlled realese of ca2+
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6
Q

how much is water in ER?

A

60%

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7
Q

structure of ribosome?

A

complex structrue, containing many different protein, at least 3 ribosomal RNAs (subunits)

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8
Q

free ribosomes?

A

syntezies protein for use in cytoplasm whitin cell

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9
Q

function of bound ribosome (to endoplamic recticulum)?

A

synthesis protein to membrane or outside cell

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10
Q

protein trafficking?

A

movemment of newly synthesized protin

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11
Q

protein targeting?

A

transport proteins troughout cell or from cell to extracellular enviroment

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12
Q

whats is ribosome important for?

A

regulating cell functions

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13
Q

function of golgi appartus?

A

distributioncenter –> modify, sorting, packingprotein thats coming from ER (fedex/wolt)

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14
Q

structure of golgi apparatus?

A

stacked pancakes found near nucleus

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15
Q

2 types of coatprotein?

A

sulfation and glycosylation

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16
Q

what is coatprotein?

A

a protein that makes vesicles move trough golgi apparatus

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17
Q

what is Cis-face?

A

recieving region in golgi for vesicles coming from endoplasmatic reticulum

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18
Q

4 structures of Golgi

A

Cicternae, tubules, vesicles, golgi vacuolues

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19
Q

3 phases of golgi?

A

Cis-face
medial-face
trans/maturing face

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20
Q

Enzymes of golgi?

A
  • mannosidase 1
  • mannosidase 2
  • galactosyltransferase sialyltransferase
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21
Q

proteins way trough golgi (protein trafficing)?

A

protein in vecicles go from rough ER to–> transported to cistarne -protein modify by enzymes –> transports to transgolgi and send to veciicles and send out to its location = to lysosomes, plasm membrane or exocytosis

22
Q

structure of Lysosome?

A

sperical membrane enclooses vesicles that function as sites of intracellular digestion

23
Q

what is main enzyme of Lysosomes?

A

acid phosphatases

24
Q

function of lysosomes?

A

breaking down micromoleculous

25
where is longer actin protien braeaked down?
in lysosomes
26
where are shorter acting protein breaking down?
Proteasomes are places that breakes down short protein that is marked with ubiqutin.
27
do bacteria have lysosomes?
no
28
what do lysesomes breake down?
old cells, mitochondira, ER, digest food or break down cell when it dies
29
where are lysosomes creatated:
rough ER than tranpsorted to Golgi that use yheese protein to make digestive enzymes in vesicles (lysosomes)
30
when do lysosomes break down mitochondia?
when the cell has no food or when mitochondia not working
31
3 types of lysosomes activities
-Heterophagia --> breakdown of foreig substance (endocytosis) - Autophagy --> breakdown of own material,micromolecules or organells that dont work -Autolysis --> digestion of aging cells due to breakdown of lysosomal membranes
32
What is Heterophagia?
breakdown of foreign substances absorbed by endocytosis
33
what is autophagy?
breakdown of own material, storgade nutrients, macromolecukes or organells
34
What is autolysis?
digestion of aging cell due to breakdown of lysosomal membrane
35
fuction of primary lysosomes?
emarge from Golgi - contaning inactive acid HYDROLYSES sepecific for degrading cellular macromolecules called primary lysosome before have "catch" detox subject
36
function of secondary lysosome?
AUTOPHAGY - digestion of non functionall organells. -Formed when primary lysosomes are fused with endosomes
37
what is residual bodies?
a cytoplasmic vacoule containeing leftover products if digestion after fusion with the content of a lysosoome
38
what is lipofusin?
old age pigment
39
Biological functions og lysosomes?
- degradation och substances from enviroment ( endo or phagocytosis) - recycling system - cell-derived lysosomal enzymes inportant in emboygenesis process (ACROMSOME)
40
what is autophagosome function?
a important catabolic process that delivers cytoplasmic material to lysosomes for degradation. REMOVES DAMAGED ORGANELLS & PROTEIN
41
what is autolysis?
destruction of cells or tissue by their own enzymes related to lysosomes
42
what is lipofuscin?
old age pigment - lipids acumiulates in cells
43
what is the function of cell-derived lysosomes?
perform specila functions , ex embroygenesis process acrosome
44
what is peroxisomes?
small spherical membranous organells containing enymes thatuses =2 to removes hydrogen from fattyacids in reaction to produces hydrogen peroxide H20" thats broken down to water and 02 by enzyme CATALASE
45
what is Catalase?
enzyme that uses O2 to remove hydrogen atoms from fattyacids that peroduces perodide H202 to break down do water and 02
46
structure of mitochondria?
duoble membrane, has its own DNA, ribosomed capable of syntesiezing proteins, number of cistae
47
function of mitokhondria?
- provide energy by oxidative prohphorylation _ regulation of apoptosis
48
2 types of mitochondia memrane?
outer --> smooth 50% protein,50% lipids larger nr of integral proteins, transmembrane proteins called PORINS that formes channels trough puruvate can pass, Inner --> 80%protein, 30% lipids, membrane has inner long fods calles CRISTAE shich project into matrix and increace surface of membrane
49
3 types of plastids?
Cromoplast - red, orange - leukoplast - see trough -chlororplast - green
50
functions of chloroplasts?
- photosyntesis - syntesis of DNA in RNA, aminoacids - main nutient in grass - thylakoid (light recepror)
51
what is cromoplasts?
-red -different in shape - depends of cruýstalization of pigment and plant spieces
52
what is Leukoplasts?
-storage of nutrients - no other structures in stroma exept accumulation of nutrients - make plant decorative

Cell Biology (5 decks)

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