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Cell Biology > cellbiology test 26/9 > Flashcards

cellbiology test 26/9 Flashcards

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1
Q

which organells are included in endomembranous system)

A
  • nucelar envelope
  • endoplamic reticulum
  • lysosome
  • golgi
  • vesicles
  • plasmamebrane
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2
Q

where do endoplamic reticulum extent from?

A

from surface of nucleus, intercommunication trough cutoplasm and encloses series of Cicternae

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3
Q

Were is rought endoplasmic reticulum attached?

A

ro ribosome

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4
Q

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

production/synthesis of membranebound proteins of organells secreated by exocytosis

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5
Q

function of smooth ER?

A
  • synthesis of phospholipids
    -detoxy of harmfull compunds
  • sequestration and controlled realese of ca2+
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6
Q

how much is water in ER?

A

60%

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7
Q

structure of ribosome?

A

complex structrue, containing many different protein, at least 3 ribosomal RNAs (subunits)

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8
Q

free ribosomes?

A

syntezies protein for use in cytoplasm whitin cell

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9
Q

function of bound ribosome (to endoplamic recticulum)?

A

synthesis protein to membrane or outside cell

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10
Q

protein trafficking?

A

movemment of newly synthesized protin

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11
Q

protein targeting?

A

transport proteins troughout cell or from cell to extracellular enviroment

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12
Q

whats is ribosome important for?

A

regulating cell functions

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13
Q

function of golgi appartus?

A

distributioncenter –> modify, sorting, packingprotein thats coming from ER (fedex/wolt)

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14
Q

structure of golgi apparatus?

A

stacked pancakes found near nucleus

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15
Q

2 types of coatprotein?

A

sulfation and glycosylation

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16
Q

what is coatprotein?

A

a protein that makes vesicles move trough golgi apparatus

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17
Q

what is Cis-face?

A

recieving region in golgi for vesicles coming from endoplasmatic reticulum

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18
Q

4 structures of Golgi

A

Cicternae, tubules, vesicles, golgi vacuolues

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19
Q

3 phases of golgi?

A

Cis-face
medial-face
trans/maturing face

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20
Q

Enzymes of golgi?

A
  • mannosidase 1
  • mannosidase 2
  • galactosyltransferase sialyltransferase
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21
Q

proteins way trough golgi (protein trafficing)?

A

protein in vecicles go from rough ER to–> transported to cistarne -protein modify by enzymes –> transports to transgolgi and send to veciicles and send out to its location = to lysosomes, plasm membrane or exocytosis

22
Q

structure of Lysosome?

A

sperical membrane enclooses vesicles that function as sites of intracellular digestion

23
Q

what is main enzyme of Lysosomes?

A

acid phosphatases

24
Q

function of lysosomes?

A

breaking down micromoleculous

25
Q

where is longer actin protien braeaked down?

A

in lysosomes

26
Q

where are shorter acting protein breaking down?

A

Proteasomes are places that breakes down short protein that is marked with ubiqutin.

27
Q

do bacteria have lysosomes?

A

no

28
Q

what do lysesomes breake down?

A

old cells, mitochondira, ER, digest food or break down cell when it dies

29
Q

where are lysosomes creatated:

A

rough ER than tranpsorted to Golgi that use yheese protein to make digestive enzymes in vesicles (lysosomes)

30
Q

when do lysosomes break down mitochondia?

A

when the cell has no food or when mitochondia not working

31
Q

3 types of lysosomes activities

A

-Heterophagia –> breakdown of foreig substance (endocytosis)
- Autophagy –> breakdown of own material,micromolecules or organells that dont work
-Autolysis –> digestion of aging cells due to breakdown of lysosomal membranes

32
Q

What is Heterophagia?

A

breakdown of foreign substances absorbed by endocytosis

33
Q

what is autophagy?

A

breakdown of own material, storgade nutrients, macromolecukes or organells

34
Q

What is autolysis?

A

digestion of aging cell due to breakdown of lysosomal membrane

35
Q

fuction of primary lysosomes?

A

emarge from Golgi - contaning inactive acid HYDROLYSES sepecific for degrading cellular macromolecules
called primary lysosome before have “catch” detox subject

36
Q

function of secondary lysosome?

A

AUTOPHAGY - digestion of non functionall organells. -Formed when primary lysosomes are fused with endosomes

37
Q

what is residual bodies?

A

a cytoplasmic vacoule containeing leftover products if digestion after fusion with the content of a lysosoome

38
Q

what is lipofusin?

A

old age pigment

39
Q

Biological functions og lysosomes?

A
  • degradation och substances from enviroment ( endo or phagocytosis)
  • recycling system
  • cell-derived lysosomal enzymes inportant in emboygenesis process (ACROMSOME)
40
Q

what is autophagosome function?

A

a important catabolic process that delivers cytoplasmic material to lysosomes for degradation. REMOVES DAMAGED ORGANELLS & PROTEIN

41
Q

what is autolysis?

A

destruction of cells or tissue by their own enzymes related to lysosomes

42
Q

what is lipofuscin?

A

old age pigment - lipids acumiulates in cells

43
Q

what is the function of cell-derived lysosomes?

A

perform specila functions , ex embroygenesis process acrosome

44
Q

what is peroxisomes?

A

small spherical membranous organells containing enymes thatuses =2 to removes hydrogen from fattyacids in reaction to produces hydrogen peroxide H20” thats broken down to water and 02 by enzyme CATALASE

45
Q

what is Catalase?

A

enzyme that uses O2 to remove hydrogen atoms from fattyacids that peroduces perodide H202 to break down do water and 02

46
Q

structure of mitochondria?

A

duoble membrane, has its own DNA, ribosomed capable of syntesiezing proteins, number of cistae

47
Q

function of mitokhondria?

A
  • provide energy by oxidative prohphorylation
    _ regulation of apoptosis
48
Q

2 types of mitochondia memrane?

A

outer –> smooth 50% protein,50% lipids larger nr of integral proteins, transmembrane proteins called PORINS that formes channels trough puruvate can pass,
Inner –> 80%protein, 30% lipids, membrane has inner long fods calles CRISTAE shich project into matrix and increace surface of membrane

49
Q

3 types of plastids?

A

Cromoplast - red, orange
- leukoplast - see trough
-chlororplast - green

50
Q

functions of chloroplasts?

A
  • photosyntesis
  • syntesis of DNA in RNA, aminoacids
  • main nutient in grass
  • thylakoid (light recepror)
51
Q

what is cromoplasts?

A

-red
-different in shape - depends of cruýstalization of pigment and plant spieces

52
Q

what is Leukoplasts?

A

-storage of nutrients
- no other structures in stroma exept accumulation of nutrients
- make plant decorative

Cell Biology (5 decks)

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