Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors inhibits gram positive (more/less) than gram negative

A

More

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2
Q

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Administration:
Penetration of BBB:
Clearance:

A

Oral
Poor
Renal

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3
Q

Fosfomycin
Type of drug:
Uses:

A

Non-beta-lactam cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Uncomplicated UTIs caused by E. faecalis and E. coli

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4
Q

D-cycloserine
Type of drug:
Toxicity:

A

Non-beta-lactam cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Serious dose related CNS effects

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5
Q

Bacitracin
Pharmacokinetics:
Uses:
Good combo with:

A

Topical application only. Cause severe nephrotoxicity otherwise.
Skin and ophthalmologic infections
Polymyxin B (membrane inhibitor)

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6
Q
Vancomycin
Type of drug:
Mechanism:
Bactericidal or bacteristatic? 
Pharmacokinetics:
Spectrum:
A

Non-beta-lactam cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Blocks elongation and crosslinking of PDG synthesis by binding the substrate
Bactericidal EXCEPT static in enterococci
SLOW IV administration
Gram + microbes

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7
Q

Red Man Syndrome is adverse effect of ____

A

Vancomycin when IV is too fast

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8
Q

Vancomycin toxicities

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

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9
Q

Vancomycin synergistically combines well with ___

A

aminoglycosides

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10
Q

Beta-lactam mechanism of action

Bactericidal or bacteristatic?

A
Bind transpeptidase (PBP) enzyme by mimicking end of peptidoglycan (substrate)
Bactericidal
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11
Q

T/F: Beta-lactams are metabolized in the kidney

A

False. They are not metabolized at all. BUT are EXCRETED through kidney

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12
Q

Exception of beta-lactams that ARE metabolized

A

Nafcillin

Imipenem

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13
Q

Beta-lactam spectrum (3)

A

o Mainly gram + aerobes
o Some gram- cocci and rods
o Spirochetes

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14
Q

Pen G or Pen V?

Acid labile

A

Pen G

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15
Q

Pen G or Pen V?

Oral admin

A

Pen V

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16
Q

Pen G or Pen V?

Water insoluable –> good for slow release into bloodstream

A

Pen G

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17
Q

Pen G or Pen V?

Acid stable

A

Pen V

18
Q

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is an adverse effect of ____

A

Pen G and Pen V

19
Q

Used to treat penicillinase-producing Staphylococci and Streptococci

A

Oxacillin

20
Q

Amoxicillin
Type of drug:
Spectrum:

A

Extended spectrum Penicillins: Amiopenicillins

Non-lactamase gram – bacilli (E. coli, H. influenza, Salmonella, Shigella)

21
Q

Reserved for serious systemic infections caused by Pseudomonas or Klebsiella

A

Carbenicillin, Piperacillin

22
Q

Carbenicillin, Piperacillin often combined with ___

A

aminoglycoside

23
Q

Carbenicillin, Piperacillin spectrum:

A

Retain Gm+ activity, enhanced Gm- activity

Pseudomonas, Klebsiella

24
Q

Carbenicillin

Type of drug:

A

Extended spectrum Penicillins: carboxypenicilins

25
Q

Piperacillin

Type of drug:

A

Extended spectrum Penicillins: Ureidopenicillins

26
Q

Administration of Cephalosporins

A

IV or IM

27
Q

Adverse effects of Cephalosporins

A

Very safe

Disulfiram-like reaction (Antabuse effect) w/ some 2nd and 3rd gen

28
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

High resistance to beta-lactases

A

4th

29
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

Broadest spectrum against gram + cocci

A

1st

30
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

Effective against gram – bacilli

A

1st

31
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

Anti-pseudomonal and pneumococcal

A

3rd

32
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

Anti-pseudomonal

A

3rd, 4th

33
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

Treat Enterobacter and penicillin resistant streptococci

A

4th

34
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

Only group w/ significant activity against anaerobes

A

2nd

35
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

Most widely used in children/infants

A

3rd

36
Q

Name the cephalosporin generation:

Serious gram – infections: meningitis, pneumonia, gonorrhea

A

3rd

37
Q

Imipenem

Type of drug:

A

Beta-lactam: Carbapenems

38
Q

Broadest activity of all beta-lactam drugs

A

Carbapenems

39
Q

Imipenem administered with ___ to prevent ____

A

Cilastatin

Renal metabolism and inactivation

40
Q

No significant cross-reactivity with PCNs

A

Monobactams: Aztreonam

41
Q

Spectrum of Monobactams

A

Limited to Gm- aerobes, including Pseudomonas

42
Q

Daptomycin
Type of drug:
Spectrum:

A

Cell membrane agent

Similar to vancomycin but treat VREF and MRSA