Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors inhibits gram positive (more/less) than gram negative
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Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Administration:
Penetration of BBB:
Clearance:
Oral
Poor
Renal
Fosfomycin
Type of drug:
Uses:
Non-beta-lactam cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Uncomplicated UTIs caused by E. faecalis and E. coli
D-cycloserine
Type of drug:
Toxicity:
Non-beta-lactam cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Serious dose related CNS effects
Bacitracin
Pharmacokinetics:
Uses:
Good combo with:
Topical application only. Cause severe nephrotoxicity otherwise.
Skin and ophthalmologic infections
Polymyxin B (membrane inhibitor)
Vancomycin Type of drug: Mechanism: Bactericidal or bacteristatic? Pharmacokinetics: Spectrum:
Non-beta-lactam cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Blocks elongation and crosslinking of PDG synthesis by binding the substrate
Bactericidal EXCEPT static in enterococci
SLOW IV administration
Gram + microbes
Red Man Syndrome is adverse effect of ____
Vancomycin when IV is too fast
Vancomycin toxicities
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Vancomycin synergistically combines well with ___
aminoglycosides
Beta-lactam mechanism of action
Bactericidal or bacteristatic?
Bind transpeptidase (PBP) enzyme by mimicking end of peptidoglycan (substrate) Bactericidal
T/F: Beta-lactams are metabolized in the kidney
False. They are not metabolized at all. BUT are EXCRETED through kidney
Exception of beta-lactams that ARE metabolized
Nafcillin
Imipenem
Beta-lactam spectrum (3)
o Mainly gram + aerobes
o Some gram- cocci and rods
o Spirochetes
Pen G or Pen V?
Acid labile
Pen G
Pen G or Pen V?
Oral admin
Pen V
Pen G or Pen V?
Water insoluable –> good for slow release into bloodstream
Pen G
Pen G or Pen V?
Acid stable
Pen V
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is an adverse effect of ____
Pen G and Pen V
Used to treat penicillinase-producing Staphylococci and Streptococci
Oxacillin
Amoxicillin
Type of drug:
Spectrum:
Extended spectrum Penicillins: Amiopenicillins
Non-lactamase gram – bacilli (E. coli, H. influenza, Salmonella, Shigella)
Reserved for serious systemic infections caused by Pseudomonas or Klebsiella
Carbenicillin, Piperacillin
Carbenicillin, Piperacillin often combined with ___
aminoglycoside
Carbenicillin, Piperacillin spectrum:
Retain Gm+ activity, enhanced Gm- activity
Pseudomonas, Klebsiella
Carbenicillin
Type of drug:
Extended spectrum Penicillins: carboxypenicilins
